细胞低氧感知与响应——2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果简析  

Cellular sensing of and responding to hypoxia:A discussion on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019

作　　者：叶盛 YE Sheng(Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine&Engineering,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学医工交叉创新研究院北航-首医大数据精准医疗高精尖创新中心

出　　处：《科技导报》2019年第24期41-50,共10页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871287)

摘　　要：2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给了William G.Kaelin、Jr、Sir Peter J.Ratcliffe、Gregg L.Semenza,以奖励他们在细胞低氧感知与适应的相关研究中所做出的开创性贡献。他们发现细胞利用了转录因子HIF-1的α亚基上的羟基化修饰来感知细胞内的氧水平,而低氧条件下未羟基化的HIF-1α会快速累积,并进入细胞核内调控上千个基因的转录。细胞低氧响应与多种人类疾病紧密相关,包括贫血症、红细胞增多症、心血管疾病、卒中以及癌症。回顾了细胞低氧响应信号通路的发现过程以及与低氧响应有关的人类疾病。The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded jointly to William G.Kaelin Jr,Sir Peter J.Ratcliffe and Gregg L.Semenza for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.They discovered that cells employ the hydroxylation of HIF-1α,a subunit of the transcriptional factor HIF-1,to sense the cellular oxygen level,and,consequently,the unhydroxylated HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions will be rapidly accumulated and enter the nucleus to regulate the transcription of over one thousand genes.The hypoxic response is closely related to a number of human diseases,including anemia,polycythemia,cardiovascular disease,stroke,and cancer.This paper reviews the history of the discovery of the cellular hypoxic response pathway,as well as human diseases involved.

关 键 词：2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 氧 细胞低氧诱导因子 促红细胞生成素 血管上皮生长因子 

分 类 号：R-19[医药卫生]