奥运冠军运动员近极限重量下抓举技术关键特征分析  被引量:4

Critical Technique Characteristics of Snatch at Nearly Extreme Mass of Olympic Champions

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作  者:刘功聚 李建设[4] 潘慧炬[5] LIU Gong-ju;LI Jian-she;PAN Hui-ju(Savaria Institute of Technology,Etvs Loránd University,Szombathely H-9700,Hungary;Scientific Research Department,Zhejiang College of Sports,Hangzhou 311231,Zhejiang China;Faculty of Engineering,University of Pannonia,Hungary,Veszprém H-8201,Hungary;Research Academy of Grand Health,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang China;College of Physical Education and Health Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,Zhejiang China)

机构地区:[1]厄特沃什·罗兰大学萨瓦利亚理工学院,松博特海伊匈牙利H-9700 [2]浙江体育职业技术学院科研处,浙江杭州311231 [3]潘诺尼亚大学工程系,维斯普雷姆匈牙利H-8201 [4]宁波大学大健康研究院,浙江宁波315211 [5]浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院,浙江金华321004

出  处:《北京体育大学学报》2019年第9期127-136,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基  金:浙江省体育局局管科研课题项目(项目编号:2015-238-1)

摘  要:目的:分析顶级精英运动员近极限重量的抓举技术特征,为运动员后期训练提供理论参考,同时作为动作典范,为举重运动员根据自身特点选择合理技术提供有价值的参考。方法:采用三维运动学方法,对我国男子举重69 kg级3名奥运冠军(廖辉、石智勇和林清峰)近年来全国比赛中成功试举的最大重量抓举动作关键特征进行分析。结果:1)3名运动员相对握距和站距分别保持在58.42%!60.13%和27.51%!30.23%范围之内;2)3名运动员杠铃相对最大垂直高度均达到70%以上,杠铃垂直速度在引膝提铃阶段均持续上升;3)在前3个阶段中,3名运动员杠铃在X轴上的偏移均保持在4 cm之内。结论:1)3名运动员相对握距和站距充分体现了举重技术中"低"的技术原理;2)廖辉在惯性上升阶段具有更好的甩臂翻腕技术;3)石智勇在引膝提铃阶段的技术特征更有利于储存和利用弹性能量,石智勇和林清峰在发力阶段的下肢特征更有利于杠铃加速和爆发力输出;4)在前3个阶段中,3名运动员都具有高效的把"力"转化为杠铃向上运动的技术,且廖辉和林清峰在杠铃Y轴偏移上具有更好的控制能力。Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the snatch technical characteristics nearing the extreme mass of the top elite athletes,providing theoretical reference for the later training of the athletes,as an action model,providing valuable reference for the weightlifters to choose reasonable techniques according to their own characteristics.Methods:By using the method of three-dimensional kinematics,this study analyzed the key characteristics of the biggest weight snatch of three Olympic champions(Liao Hui,Shi Zhiyong and Lin Qingfeng)who are in 69 kg category,have successfully tried in recent national competitions.Results:1)The relative grip distance and leg spacing of these three champions remained within 58.42%-60.13%and 27.51%-30.23%,respectively.2)The relative maximum vertical heights of barbell of the three lifters were above 70%;the vertical linear velocity of barbell of the three lifters continued to rise during the transition phase.3)The offset of barbell in the X axis of the three lifters remained within 4 cm in the first three phases.Conclusions:1)The relative grip distance and leg spacing of three athletes fully embody the technical principle of"low"in weightlifting technology.2)The technique of swinging arm and palming of Liao Hui was better than the other two lifters during the inertial ascent phase.3)The technical characteristics of Shi Zhiyong were more conductive to generating and utilizing elastic energy during the transition phase;the technical characteristics of lower limbs of Shi Zhiyong and Lin Qingfeng showed that they performed acceleration and explosive strength more effectively during power phase.4)In the first three phases,the three lifters had efficient technique of energy output,and the ability of Liao Hui and Lin Qingfeng were better on controlling the offset of barbell in the Y axis.

关 键 词:奥运冠军 极限重量 抓举技术 运动学 69 kg级 

分 类 号:G884.119[文化科学—体育训练]

 

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