乙基纤维素微胶囊红磷的制备及改性  

Preparation and modification of red phosphorus microcapsules based on ethyl cellulose

作　　者：程晨 杜仕国 鲁彦玲 CHENG Chen;DU Shiguo;LU Yanling(Ammunition Engineering Department,Army Engineering University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学石家庄校区弹药工程系

出　　处：《材料科学与工艺》2019年第6期90-96,共7页Materials Science and Technology

摘　　要：目前微胶囊红磷大多采用原位聚合法制备,工艺较为复杂,且囊壳原料可能对环境造成危害.为解决这一问题,以可降解材料乙基纤维素(EC)为囊壳,采用相分离法在常温、中性条件下制备微胶囊红磷(MRP);为进一步增强MRP使用性能,添加正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为改性材料,在碱性条件下制备SiO2凝胶/EC复合囊壳微胶囊红磷(SiMRP).对所得样品进行FTIR、形态及XPS分析,观察样品形态并计算包覆率;对样品进行热稳定性分析、吸湿率测定及安定性测试.实验结果表明:采用相分离法可对红磷实现有效包覆,囊壳包覆率为88.2%;EC囊壳提高了红磷的热稳定性,着火点温度较RP提升50℃;MRP 10日后吸湿率降至6.8%,摩擦感度降至34%;添加1 mL TEOS改性后的SiMPR样品包覆率达94.1%,热稳定性较MRP进一步增强,着火点温度较MRP提升90℃;SiMRP 10日后吸湿率降至4.5%,摩擦感度降至20%.Microencapsulation red phosphorus is generally prepared by in-situ method at present,while the preparation process is complex and the shell raw material may be harmful to the environment.To solve this problem,biodegradable material ethyl cellulose(EC)was selected as the shell material,and phase separation method was applied to prepare microcapsule red phosphorus(MRP)under normal temperature and neutral environment.Meanwhile,in order to improve the practical performance of MRP,tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)was added under alkaline circumstance to prepare silica gel/ethyl cellulose composite shell material microencapsulation red phosphorus(SiMRP).The morphology and encapsulation ratio of the MRP were tested by FTIR,SEM,and XPS,and the thermal stability,water absorption,and sensitivity of the samples were characterized.Results indicate that the MRP prepared by phase separation method possessed a coating ratio of 88.2%.The introduction of the EC shell structure improved the thermal stability of the red phosphorus,and the ignition temperature was 50℃higher than that of the pristine red phosphorus.The water absorption after 10d and the friction sensitivity of MRP decreased to 6.8% and 34%,respectively.With the addition of 1mL TEOS as modification agent,the coating ratio reached 94.1%.The thermal stability of the SiMRP was superior to that of MRP,and the ignition temperature was 90℃ higher than that of MRP.The water absorption of the SiMRP decreased to 4.5% and the friction sensitivity decreased to 20%.

关 键 词：微胶囊 乙基纤维素 红磷 SiO2凝胶 安定性 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]