脂肪酶的生物学改造研究进展  

Recent advances on biological modification of lipase

作　　者：叶纯 王玉娟[1] YE Chun;WANG Yu-juan(High Magnetic Field Laboratory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院强磁场科学中心,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2020年第1期77-80,共4页Journal of Biology

摘　　要：脂肪酶作为重要的生物催化剂,具有高效、绿色环保、底物专一等优点,在食品、造纸、能源、生物医药等工业领域有重要应用潜力。尽管目前多种脂肪酶具有工业化生产的潜质,但大多数的天然脂肪酶难以满足实际工业化生产中需要的低成本、强有机溶剂耐受性、不同温度耐受性等生物催化的需求,适用于大规模工业生产的经济型脂肪酶仍然有限。随着基因工程和蛋白质工程技术的不断进步,科研人员可以更有目的性地针对脂肪酶进行生物学改造,因此如何改造、开发出更多适用于工业生产中的理想型脂肪酶成为近年来的研究热点。综述了脂肪酶的分子结构、催化机理等基本信息,分析比对了近年来脂肪酶生物学改造的相关技术,并展望了未来脂肪酶生物学改造的发展趋势,以期给相关科研工作者的研究工作以启发。Lipases has broad applications in food,paper,energy,biomedicine and other industrial fields,due to their advantages of high efficiency,environmental protection and substrate specificity.Most natural lipases fail to meet the actual industrial needs,such as low cost,strong organic solvent tolerance,temperature tolerance,therefore,the application of economic lipases for large-scale industrial production is still limited.The continuous progresses in genetic engineering and protein engineering technologies make it possible to modify and develop novel lipases suitable for industrial applications.In this paper,we reviewed the basic information of molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of lipases,and the recent progresses in lipase biological modification,especially the new technologies.The development trend of lipase biological modification was also prospected.

关 键 词：脂肪酶 生物学改造 定向进化 

分 类 号：Q556[生物学—生物化学]