稻田养鱼模式下减量施氮对杂交中稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Mid-season Hybrid Rice under Rice-fish System

作　　者：周兴兵[1] 刘茂[1] 张力 蒋鹏[1] 张林[1] 郭晓艺[1] 朱永川[1] 熊洪[1] 徐富贤[1] ZHOU Xingbing;LIU Mao;ZHANG Li;JIANG Peng;ZHANG Lin;GUO Xiaoyi;ZHU Yongchuan;XIONG Hong;XU Fuxian(Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Deyang,Sichuan 618000 China;Agricultural Bureau of Hejiang County,Hejiang,Sichuan 646200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所/农业部西南水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川德阳618000 [2]四川省合江县农业局,四川合江646200

出　　处：《中国稻米》2020年第1期80-83,共4页China Rice

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(SQ2018YFD030141);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-25)

摘　　要：以大穗型杂交中稻蓉18优1015和多穗型杂交中稻内6优103为材料,于2018年在四川泸县开展试验,研究稻鱼共生模式下不同施氮量(N0,不施氮;N1,减氮66.6%;N2,减氮33.3%;CK,常规施氮,施氮量135 kg/hm^2)对杂交中稻产量、产量构成因子、干物质、收获指数、氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,大穗型杂交中稻产量以N2处理最高,较CK增加2.8%;多穗型杂交中稻产量以CK最高,较N2、N1处理分别增加5.3%、20.4%;随施氮量的增加,杂交中稻有效穗数、干物质量呈显著增加的趋势,结实率、收获指数则呈下降趋势,减量施氮对杂交中稻每穗粒数和千粒重影响不显著;大穗型杂交中稻的氮肥农学利用率N2、N1处理较CK分别增加63.2%、45.6%,多穗型杂交中稻氮肥农学利用率N2处理较CK增加了27.4%;随施氮量的增加,杂交中稻氮肥偏生产力呈显著下降趋势,与CK相比,N2、N1处理的氮肥偏生产力分别增加了74.6%和48.2%。可见,在稻田养鱼模式下,综合考虑产量和氮肥利用率,杂交中稻的适宜减氮量为33.3%。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate(N0, without N;N1, a reduction in nitrogen application rate by 66.6%;N2, a reduction in nitrogen application rate by 33.3%;CK, conventional nitrogen application, nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/hm^2)on grain yield, yield components, dry matter weight, harvest index and N use efficiency(NUE)of mid-season hybrid rice under rice-fish system, using two mid-season hybrid rice cultivars(Rong 18 you 1015 with large panicle, Nei6 you 103 with more panicles) as materials. The results showed that, for the large panicle mid-season hybrid rice, the N2 treatment recorded the highest grain yield, which was 2.8% higher than CK;for the more panicles mid-season hybrid rice, the CK recorded the highest grain yield, which was 5.3% and 20.4% higher than N2 and N1 treatment, respectively. The effective panicles and dry matter weight of mid-season hybrid rice increased with the increase of N application rate;while the seed setting rate and harvest index of mid-season hybrid rice decreased with the increased of N application rate. There was no significantly difference in spikelets per panicle and thousand grain weight among the four treatments. For the large panicle mid-season hybrid rice, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in N2 and N1 treatment increased by 63.2% and 45.6%, respectively, compared with CK;for the more panicle midseason hybrid rice, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in N2 treatment increased by 27.4%, compared with CK. With the increase of N application rate, the partial factor productivity of applied N of mid-season hybrid rice showed a significant decline.Compared with CK, the partial nitrogen productivity of N2 and N1 treatment increased by 74.6% and 48.2% respectively. Under the rice-fish system, the optimum nitrogen reduction rate of hybrid rice was 33.3% considering the yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：稻鱼模式 施氮量 杂交中稻 产量 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]