新兴主观超量构式“要不要这么A”研究  

Research On Subjective Excess Evaluation Construction “Yao Bu Yao Zhe Me A”

作　　者：甄珍[1] 丁崇明[2] ZHEN Zhen;DING Chong-ming(lShandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]山东大学国际教育学院,山东济南250100 [2]北京师范大学汉语文化学院,北京100875

出　　处：《汉语学习》2020年第1期66-75,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：山东大学本科教育教学改革与研究项目“本科临床医学专业来华留学生汉语课程教学改革与探索”(项目编号：2019Y163);国家社科基金项目“外国学生汉语体貌成分习得研究”(项目编号：13BYY093)资助

摘　　要："要不要这么A"是现代汉语一个新兴的高频表达式,本文基于构式语法理论将其构式义概括为说话人对某主体某方面的性状做出超出"应有程度"或"可接受程度"的主观超量评价。构式的变项A以单、双音节性质形容词为主,贬义词语与其兼容性更强。该构式主要充当谓语或单独成句。构式不但具有主观超量的评价功能,而且带有不满和抱怨的语气。在构式成型的过程中,至少与"S+A""这么A""要不要X"存在承继关系。该构式及其相关构式在语义上存在区别和联系。"Yao bu yao zhe me A"is an emerging high-frequency expression in the modern Chinese spoken language.This paper considered it as a typical construction based on the construction grammar theory,and summarized its constructional meaning as:"the speaker gives subjective excess evaluation to a certain aspect of a trait of a certain subject that exceeds‘should degree’or‘acceptable level’".Variable A of the construction mainly adopts one uni-or di-syllable adjective,and it is better compatible with a derogatory term.The syntactical function of this construction is relatively straightforward,mainly as a predicate or a separate sentence.The construction not only has the function of excess subjective evaluation,but also has a tone of dissatisfaction and complaint.In the process of forming the construction,it has an inheritance relationship at least with the"S+A""zhe me A""yao bu yao X".The construction has differences and connections in semantics with the above associated constructions.

关 键 词：“要不要这么A” 构式 主观性 程度量 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]