运动干预戒烟的系统解析：手段、路径与效果  

Systematic Analysis of Exercise Intervention in Quitting Smoking:Means,Path and Effect

作　　者：刘振铎 孙辉[1] 张健[2,3] 李婷文[2] 张建华[2] LIU Zhenduo;SUN Hui;ZHANG Jian;LI Tingwen;ZHANG Jianhua(College of Physical Education&Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Physical Education,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]西北师范大学体育学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]华东师范大学“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2019年第11期12-20,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目（17BTY117)

摘　　要：吸烟对个人健康与社会发展所造成的危害已愈发严重,而运动也逐渐展现出促进戒烟的多方面效用。已有研究发现,尼古丁所致的神经生物学变化与多种社会心理现象是促使烟草依赖产生的主要因素。通过对国际大量运动干预戒烟的相关研究进行总结与梳理发现,有氧运动是一项适用于多数人群的运动干预形式,其中等长收缩形式的有氧运动能够更好地解决环境空间限制问题;无氧供能运动可以有效提高戒烟过程中的运动干预效率;混合供能的高强度间歇性运动则在促进戒烟的同时,对心脏健康的改善也具有一定的促进作用。运动促进戒烟的实际路径主要体现于替代奖赏效应、减轻戒断症状以及提升戒烟意愿等方面。对于特定人群而言,运动还能够有效实现青少年控烟过程的全面干预,并在克服消极情绪与保证母婴安全方面,良好应对了女性戒烟的局限性。未来,我国应在此基础上,立足本国国情,深入构建运动戒烟研究体系,并进一步探索运动干预戒烟的实际应用路径,以提出科学、合理的运动戒烟处方。The harm of smoking to personal health and social development has become more and more serious,and sports have gradually shown the multi-faceted effect of promoting smoking cessation.Studies have found that the neurobiological changes and a variety of social and psychological phenomena caused by nicotine are the main factors that cause tobacco dependence.Through summarizing and combing a large number of international studies on exercise intervention to quit smoking,it has found that aerobic exercise is a form of exercise intervention suitable for most people,aerobic exercise in the form of isometric contraction can better solve the problem of environmental space restriction;anaerobic energy exercise can improve the efficiency of exercise intervention in the process of quitting smoking;high-intensity intermittent exercise with mixed energy supply not only can it quit smoking but can improve the heart health and other problems.The actual path of sports promoting smoking cessation is mainly reflect in the alternative reward effect,reducing the withdrawal symptoms and improving the willingness to quit smoking.For specific groups of people,exercise intervention can also effectively achieve comprehensive intervention in the process of adolescent smoking control,and in overcoming negative emotions and ensuring the safety of mothers and infants,it can well cope with the limitations of female smoking cessation.In the future,based on our national conditions,we should build a research system of sports smoking cessation,and further explore the practical application of sports intervention in smoking cessation,to put forward a scientific and reasonable exercise prescription.

关 键 词：运动 戒烟 青少年 孕期女性 烟草依赖 解释框架 研究进展 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]