企业技术创新项目经费支出调查分析:以创新型企业为例  

A survey of the enterprise technology innovation project fund expenditure:A case of innovation-oriented enterprises in China

作　　者：张赤东 Zhang Chidong(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《科研管理》2020年第2期1-10,共10页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:“创新引领发展的机制与对策研究”(18ZDA101);国家社会科学基金重大项目:“深化科技体制改革提升国家创新体系整体效能研究”(18VZL003);国家科技部科技创新战略研究专项:“企业技术创新的路径与政策研究”(ZLY2015060);中石油技术咨询项目:“科技创新重大事件热点问题回顾与跟踪”(CPPEI-2017-QT-8)。

摘　　要：基于对499家创新型企业长期追踪问卷调查,分析了企业技术创新项目的经费结构特征。结果显示:企业技术创新项目经费投入额相对集中于3000万元以下;R&D经费是主要支出项,中试费用占比较低,技术引进费用是重要支出,三者之比为1∶0.5∶0.4,以及不同起点、不同产业的经费结构等。由此有三主要结论:一是创新型企业已进入需要基础研究的创新发展阶段,开放性是其目前基础研究活动的典型特征;二是创新型企业已开始自发组织大范围产业技术创新合作,凸显技术创新主体地位;三是企业技术创新尚处于重技术获取而轻技术应用开发的阶段,"在别人地基上盖大楼"的自主创新特征显著。同时也提出了支持创新型企业基础研究、加强中试等政策启示。Based on a long-term tracking questionnaire survey of 499 innovation-oriented enterprises(IOEs)in China,the characteristics of the expenditure structure of enterprise technology innovation project fund in IOEs are analyzed.It is all known that the research on the characteristics and rules of technology innovation at the project level of enterprises is critically important and distinctly difficult because the enterprises questionnaire need to open some even systematic information of their innovative activities which they never disclosed to the public.National IOEs are chosen as the survey object,rather than by random sampling to select enterprise investigation,because these national IOEs technology innovation ability is not only outstanding,but also has a good industry distribution,type distribution and size distribution,as well as higher efficiency of the enterprise innovation management,and it′s more important of their greater willingness to accept the questionnaire survey so that they could collect and send back a clear,accurate and effective information feedback of their innovation project.An object method was used in order to gain micro-data of expenditure of enterprise technology innovation project.In terms of content design of the questionnaire,expending items of enterprise technology innovation projects are divided into five categories,which are R&D expenditure,technology-introduced expenditure,pilot plant test expenditure,new product market research and test marketing expenditure,and personnel training expenditure.Among them,the R&D expenditure is further divided into basic research expense,applied research expense and experimental development expense.The results of the survey show that the median value of an investment amount of single enterprise technology innovation projects is relatively concentrated at less than RMB 30 million,while the average value of it is larger than median value.This is a very important data,which could reflect the basic structure and most advantage of national IOEs on technol

关 键 词：创新型企业 技术创新 项目 经费结构 调查分析 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F272.3[经济管理—国民经济]