魏晋九品官人法之上品的演变与起家官制度  

Evolution of Upper Rank of Nine-Rank System and Entering the Official Career System During Wei and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：杨恩玉 Yang Enyu

机构地区：[1]青岛大学历史学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《社会科学》2020年第2期160-170,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“魏晋南北朝社会阶层研究”(项目编号:17BZS009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：由于社会的变迁和政治制度的嬗变,魏晋时期九品官人法之上品的含义有一个演变过程--在曹魏和西晋前期,它指一品至三品;在西晋后期和东晋南朝,它指一品和二品。在晋惠帝元康中期,政府出台了"以二品系资"的规定,即清显官职需要由乡品二品者出任。此后三品逐渐被挤出上品的行列,只有二品以上才属于上品。"灼然二品""二品之精""灼然""门第二品""二品才堪"等并不是二品的别称。在曹魏和西晋,门第高低不同的士族也并没有同列二品。门第高者其乡品相应就高,其起家官品相应也高;门第低者其乡品相应就低,其起家官品相应也低。士族的门第、乡品与起家官品三者基本一致,这才是当时基本的社会规则与制度规定。Due to the changes of society and political system,the meaning of upper rank has aprocess of evolution.It refers to the first rank to the third rank during Cao Wei and early stage of Western Jin.It refers to the first and second rank in the late stage of Western Jin,Eastern Jin and South Dynasties.The government issued the regulation of"as the qualification in the second rank"in the middle of Yuankang of Emperor Hui of Western Jin.Namely,important offices need the second rural rank.Since then,the third rank had gradually been excluded from upper rank,only the first and second rank belong to upper rank.In the Wei Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty,the gentry with different family status didn’t have the same second rank;the gentry with the higher family status had the corresponding higher rural rank and the corresponding higher rank of entering the official career;the gentry with the lower family status had the corresponding lower rural rank and the corresponding lower rank of entering the official career.Aristocrats’ family status,rural rank and rank of entering the official career were basically consistent;this is the social rules and regulations at that time.

关 键 词：九品官人法 魏晋 上品 起家官制度 

分 类 号：K236[历史地理—历史学] K237[历史地理—中国史]