种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响  

Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics in two hulless barley varieties

作　　者：赵小红 白羿雄 王凯 姚有华 姚晓华[1,2] 吴昆仑 ZHAO Xiao-Hong;BAI Yi-Xiong;WANG Kai;YAO You-Hua;YAO Xiao-Hua;WU Kun-Lun(Agriculture and Forestry Academy,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding/Hulless Barley Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心,青海西宁810016 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第4期586-595,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：青海省农林科学院创新基金重点研发项目(2019-NKY-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系(大麦青稞)建设专项(CAS-05);青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2017-QNY-2)资助~~

摘　　要：种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料,比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加,昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降,茎粗和壁厚依次下降;门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降,但整个生育期未发生倒伏;门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低,诱发倒伏现象提前发生,致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降,门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势,相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性,昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×10^4株hm^-2,门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×10^4~375×10^4株hm^-2。Planting density is an important factor affecting the lodging resistance and straw feeding characteristics of hulless barley. Two varieties the lodging-resistant variety Kunlun 14 and the lodging variety Menyuanlianglan, were used to study the effects of planting density on the growth and development, lodging characteristics and straw feeding characteristics. The effects of planting density on two varieties were not entirely consistent. With the increase of planting density, the traits of root and stem increased firstly and decreased then in Kunlun 14, whereas gradually decreased in Menyuanlianglan;and the relative lodging-resistance indexes of Kunlun 14 were increased firstly and decreased then, without lodging occurred, while these in Menyuanlianglan were significantly declined, resulted in lodging in early stage, lodging rate and degree increased;the chemical constituents neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the stem of Kunlun 14 increased firstly and decreased then with the increase of planting density, whereas these of Menyuanlianglan showed a downward trend,with the increased relative feeding value. Based on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics of two varieties, we concluded that the suitable density of Kunlun 14 should be 3.75×10^6 plants hm^-2, and that of Menyuanlianglan for grain and forage should be 3.00×10^6 to 3.75×10^6 plants hm^-2.

关 键 词：青稞 种植密度 生长发育 抗倒性 饲草特性 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]