铁路车轴用微合金化钢强韧机理研究与分析  

Research and Analysis on The Mechanism of Strengthening and Toughening Micro-alloyed Steel for Railway Axles

作　　者：吴毅 WU Yi(Metal and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2020年第1期50-55,共6页Railway Locomotive & Car

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题资助项目（2017YFB0304605）;中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目（2015J004-D）

摘　　要：采用扫描电镜、透射电镜与物理化学相分析相结合的方法,观察并研究了微合金化车轴钢中析出相的形貌、分布以及结构。结果表明:添加到车轴钢中的微合金化元素主要是形成了碳氮化物,并在渗碳体片层间的铁素体上观察到了析出相的存在,其大小约为几十到一百纳米左右,在微合金化元素的作用下使车轴钢的微观组织得到了显著改善,起到了良好的晶粒细化和沉淀强化效果。通过采用钒微合金化及相应的热处理制度能够提高车轴强度,使其具有良好的强韧性匹配,从而满足铁道车辆提速、重载发展的新要求,是今后铁道车辆车轴的主要发展方向。In this paper,the morphology,distribution and structure of precipitated phases in micro-alloyed axle steel have been observed and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and physicochemical phase analysis.The results show that the micro-alloying elements added to the axle steel mainly form carbides,and the existence of precipitates is observed on the ferrite between the lamellae of the cementite.The size is about tens to one hundred nanometers.Under the action of micro-alloying elements,the microstructure of the axle steel has been significantly improved,and the grain refinement and precipitation strengthening effect has been achieved.Through the use of vanadium micro-alloying and the corresponding heat treatment system,the strength of the axle can be improved,so that it has good strength and toughness matching,so as to meet the new requirements of railway vehicle speed and heavy haul development.It is the main development direction of railway vehicle axle in the future.

关 键 词：车轴 微合金化 析出相 强韧机理 

分 类 号：U260.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]