《苦行记》与19世纪美国国家认同中的西部特质  

Roughing It and the Western Traits of American National Identity in the 19th Century

作　　者：李璐 LI Lu(School of Foreign Languages,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Faculty of Business Foreign Languages,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学外国语学院 [2]山西财经大学经贸外语学院

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2020年第1期111-116,124,共7页Science Economy Society

摘　　要：马克·吐温的《苦行记》记录了淘银热时期美国西部的繁荣时代,展现了符合东部民众想象的狂野西部图景,揭示了19世纪后半期美国人的文化身份焦虑和国家认同塑造之间的关联。书中对于狂野西部的神话与风景描写符合民众对于西部的文化印象。男子气概成为西部价值观的主要衡量要素,体现了挣脱资本主义经济文化发展对男性束缚的反抗。边疆精神强调了美国个人主义在西部自由土地上的发展,这种追求个人发展与自力更生的极端个人主义成为西部精神的重要组成,更是西部人的行为准则。作家以自身的西部移民经历讲述19世纪后半期的美国国家认同,阐释了西部特质对于国家认同的形塑。Mark Twain depicted the prosperous American West in the Silver Rush period in his travel writing Roughing It.This description consists with easterners’ imagination about the Wild West and disclosed the connection between Americans’ anxiety on cultural identity and the construction of national identity in the second half of the 19 thcentury. Masculinity became the critical standard of Western values and it revealed Americans’ eagerness to break off the constraint of Capitalism culture. Frontiersman’s spirit focuses on the development of American Individualism in this free land and concludes this rugged individualism as a crucial part in Western spirit. Based on his own emigration experience,Mark Twain depicted the influence of Western traits to the formation of American national identity in the second half of the 19 thcentury.

关 键 词：马克·吐温 《苦行记》 男子气概 边疆精神 国家认同 

分 类 号：F403[经济管理—产业经济]