农业面源污染治理的技术与政策研究进展  

A review:the technology and policy design of agricultural non-point source pollution management

作　　者：王萌 周丽丽 耿润哲 WANG Meng;ZHOU Lili;GENG Runzhe(Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2020年第1期98-103,共6页Environment and Sustainable Development

基　　金：第二次全国污染源普查项目“农业源污染物入水体负荷核算方法及系数体系构建”(2110399);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41601551);生态环境部部门项目“农村环境保护体制机制与配套政策研究”(2110399);生态环境部部门项目“国家环境监测网络建设与运行”(2111101)。

摘　　要：随着固定源污染治理的成效日益显现,农业生产活动所导致的农业面源污染已成为水环境质量改善的主要影响因素。国内外经过近40年的研究,在农业面源污染治理方面积累了大量的经验做法。本文通过从农业面源污染负荷核算与关键源区识别、农业面源污染治理措施评估以及监督指导农业面源污染治理政策三个方面对国内外相关研究进展进行综述,以期为该领域未来学科发展提供一定的思路和借鉴。主要建议如下:(1)编制我国监督指导农业面源污染治理技术路线图;(2)开展农业面源污染监测网络优化研究;(3)开展农业面源污染评估技术体系研究;(4)开展构建"萝卜+大棒"的治理政策体系研究。With the significant improvement of point source pollution control,the eutrophication of surface water has become an endemic global problem.For the last 40 years,a lot of the research was conducted in U.S,EU and China and so on,which provides a great deal of valuable experience to continue carrying out this research.In this article,we review the current knowledge about the assessment of agricultural non-point source pollution load,the identification of critical source areas of non-point source pollution,the placement and effectiveness assessment of best management practices for non-point source pollution control and the policy design for non-point source pollution control in national scale.The main suggestions are as follows:(1) to compile a technical roadmap for supervision and guidance of non-point source pollution in national wide;(2)to make an in-depth research on optimizing the monitoring network of surface water for improving the basic database while coupled with the flow monitoring;(3) to make a series of research work about the parameter located in order to develop a model system for non-point source pollution control in China;(4) to pay more attention to policy research about non-point source pollution control and form a policy system with carrots and sticks.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 水文模型 监测网络 政策措施 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]