诠释学与交往行为理论的内在关联——从加达默尔的“理解”到哈贝马斯的“相互理解”  

The Internal Connection of Hermeneutics and Communicative Action Theory: From Gadamer’s Understanding to Habermas’s Mutual Understanding

作　　者：龚群[1] 李晓冬[2] Gong Qun;Li Xiaodong(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期134-143,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：中国人民大学2020年度“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项基金”资助

摘　　要：就诠释学而言,语言不仅是存在之家,是我们精神生命的内在要素,而且理解与语言有着不可分割的关系。理解的语言性是一个本体性的概念,又是诠释学的核心概念。理解的语言性,不是在这种理解的工具性或媒介性意义上,而是在此在的生存方式意义上被讨论的。加达默尔强调偏见在理解中的作用,是突出了诠释主体的文化传统的作用。然而,理解不仅是诠释主体单向地对文本的理解,而且是诠释者以对话者的身份与文本进行的交谈;在加达默尔看来,理解不仅离不开语言,而且在语言中展开;理解本质上具有主体间对话特性。在加达默尔看来,对话在理解中具有中心性的地位。加达默尔的诠释者"视域融合",也就是一种类似谈话的进行方式。因而,诠释学的理解也内在包含了超越单个主体思维的局限而走向人与人的交往与理解这一维度。即诠释学有着内在发展为交往行为理论的逻辑趋势。哈贝马斯把理解看成是交往行为的中心概念,而任何理解都是在交往实践中进行的。交往是主体间的一种行为,表征着交互主体间的共通性和实践客观性。没有交往主体的相互理解就没有交往行为。交互主体的理解,内在包含着人与人的平等和权利尊重。In hermeneutics, language is not only the home of existence, but also is the inner element of our spiritual life, and understanding has an inseparable relationship with language. The linguistic nature of understanding is not only an ontological and a core concept of hermeneutics. The linguistic nature of understanding is not in the instrumental or media sense of understanding, but in the sense of living style. Gadamer emphasizes the role of prejudice in understanding, which highlights the role of cultural tradition in interpreting the subject. However, understanding is not only a one-way understanding of the text, but also a conversation between the interpreter and the text as an interlocutor. In Gadamer’s view, understanding is not only inseparable from the language, but also unfolded in the language. In essence, understanding has the characteristics of dialogue between the subjects. Dialogue plays a central role in understanding. Gadamer’s interpreter’s "fusion of Horizons" is a similar way of conversation. Therefore, the understanding of hermeneutics also includes transcending the limitation of single subject thinking and moving towards interpersonal communication and understanding. In other words, hermeneutics has a logical trend of internal development into communicative behavior theory. Habermas regards understanding as the central concept of communicative behavior, and any understanding is carried out in communicative practice. Communication is a kind of behavior between subjects, which represents the commonality and practical objectivity between subjects. Without the mutual understanding of communication subjects, there is no communication behavior. The understanding of the interactive subject contains the equality and respect of human rights.

关 键 词：理解 语言 交往行为 

分 类 号：B089.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]