海洛因依赖和甲基苯丙胺依赖患者的认知损伤特征  

Patterns of Cognitive Impairment in Heroin Users and Methamphetamine Users

作　　者：沈雯雯[1] 刘悦[1] 张建兵[1] 周文华[1] SHEN Wenwen;LIU Yue;ZHANG Jianbing;ZHOU Wenhua(Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center,China;Ningbo University School of Medicine,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市微循环与莨菪类药研究所宁波戒毒研究中心

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2020年第1期4-8,共5页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

基　　金：宁波市自然科学基金,项目编号:2017A610224;中国自然科学基金,项目编号:81671321

摘　　要：目的:探讨海洛因与甲基苯丙胺依赖者各自的认知功能损伤特征。方法:对自愿戒毒的32名海洛因依赖者和49名甲基苯丙胺依赖者以及健康对照者进行问卷调查,并以空间记忆任务检测空间工作记忆;维转换任务测试检测认知灵活性;剑桥赌博任务检测冒险性、理性思维与决策能力;停止信号任务检测反应抑制能力;并分析认知任务的完成水平与患者毒品使用特征之间的潜在关系。结果:海洛因依赖者和甲基苯丙胺依赖者均出现工作记忆水平下降和认知灵活性下降,且海洛因依赖者与甲基苯丙胺依赖者的认知受损程度相当。患者与健康人群在赌博任务中表现相当。相关性分析显示,认知灵活性与患者既往的教育程度密切相关。而海洛因患者的反应抑制能力与其终身的海洛因用量相关。结论:海洛因使用依赖者和甲基苯丙胺依赖者均有较低水平的工作记忆能力和认知灵活性,未发现两类患者的认知损伤有明显差异。Objective:Cognitive impairment has been reported in both heroin and methamphetamine use disorders.The patterns of cognitive impairment in heroin users and methamphetamine users are studied and compared.Methods:We assessed spatial working memory,risk-taking,quality of decision making,flexibility in learning,and inhibit control using Cambridge Cantab cognitive battery.32 heroin users and 49 methamphetamine users were evaluated during their short-term hospitalization for withdrawal.Data were also compared with 87 healthy controls.Results:Compared to healthy subjects,heroin users and methamphetamine users did worse in a demanding spatial working memory task,and showed worse learning flexibility when it required a set-shifting.In a gambling test,drug users showed similar levels of risking-taking behavior to controls,and their scores of rational choices and strategy were not different from healthy ones.No difference was found between heroin users and methamphetamine users.Conclusion:Heroin users and methamphetamine users shared similar cognitive impairment in working memory and learning flexibility.

关 键 词：海洛因 甲基苯丙胺 认知损伤 工作记忆 认知灵活性 反应抑制 

分 类 号：R749.64[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]