美沙酮维持治疗者合并传染性疾病情况及其影响因素  

Infectiion rate of HIV、HCV、TB and Syphilis and their Influence Factors Among Subjects in Methadone MaintenanceTherapy

作　　者：范妮[1] 苏慧珊 张敏玲[1] 黄巧芳[1] 庞正泰 徐世超[1] FAN Ni;SU Hui-shan;ZHANG Min-ling;HUANG Qiao-fang;PANG Zheng-tai;XU Shi-chao(The Afiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou Huiai Hospital,Guangzhou,510370)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属脑科医院广州市惠爱医院

出　　处：《中国药物滥用防治杂志》2020年第1期58-62,共5页Chinese Journal of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目创新平台建设计划重点实验室“广州市精神疾病临床转化实验室”，项目编号：201805010009;广州市惠爱医院院内中医重大课题，项目编号：HAZY2017002;广州市惠爱医院物质依赖科专培专科建设项目，项目编号：50010724-0841

摘　　要：目的:了解阿片类药物成瘾美沙酮维持治疗者艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎(HCV)、结核(TB)及梅毒感染情况及其影响因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法:对广州市荔湾区美沙酮门诊2006-2018年参与美沙酮维持治疗患者的社会人口学特征、吸毒情况及HIV、HCV、TB、梅毒感染情况进行回顾分析。结果:共收集有效数据548例,其中男性477例(87.0%),女性71例(13.0%)。HIV阳性率为8.9%(49例),HCV阳性率为96.0%(526例),TB阳性率为14.6%(80例),梅毒阳性率为7.7%(42例)。女性梅毒阳性率明显高于男性(x^2=13.062,P<0.01)。首次吸毒年龄在21~30岁或30岁以上的患者TB感染率高于20岁及以下的患者(x^2=7.583,P<0.05)。共用注射器者HIV感染的风险高于非共用注射器者(x^2=31.034,P<0.01)。结论:广州市阿片类药物成瘾美沙酮维持治疗者HCV、HIV/HCV感染率较高。共用注射器是美沙酮维持治疗者感染HIV的高危因素,应加强对吸毒人群的健康教育及行为干预,减少共用注射器行为,控制HIV、HCV在吸毒人群中蔓延。Objective:TAbstract:Objective To investigate the HIV、HCV、TB and syphilis infection rates and their influence factors among opioid addicts in methadone maintenance therapy.Methods:Information of opioid addicts who received methadone maintenance therapy in Liwan district of Guangzhou from 2006-2018 was investigated.Retrospective analysis of their demographic characteristics,drug use,and HIV,HCV,TB,and syphilis infections were recorded.Results:Valid information of 548 opioid addicts in methadone maintenance therapy was collected.Among the subjects investigated 477 (87.0%) were male,71 (13.0%) were female.The infection rates of HIV,HCV,TB and syphilis were 49 (8.9%),526 (96.0%),80 (14.6%) and 42 (7.7%) respectively. Females had higher infection of syphilis than males(χ^2=13.062,P<0.01).The TB infection rate in the groups whose age of first use of drug were 21~30 or older who were higher than the group whose age of first durg use was 20 or younger (χ^2=7.583,P<0.05).The HIV infection rate in the group who had history of sharing syringe use was significantly higher than those without history of sharing syringe use(χ^2=31.034,P<0.01).Conclusion:The infection rates of HCV and HIV/HCV of opioid addicts who were in methadone maintenance therapy in Guangzhou was high.Sharing syringe use was risk factors for HIV infection.It is necessary to emphasize on behavioral intervention and health education for drug users,in order to reduce the occurrence of Sharing syringe use behaviors.More efficient strategies need to be applied to prevent HIV,HCV spread in the opioid addicts and in the general population.

关 键 词：美沙酮维持治疗 阿片类药物成瘾者 吸毒情况 感染情况 

分 类 号：R749.6[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]