基于玉米大豆轮作的黑土玉米农田酶活性对不同耕层厚度的响应  

Responses of Mollisols Enzyme Activities to Different Topsoil Depths from Maize Farmland Based on Maize-soybean Rotation

作　　者：赵月 王春雨 隋跃宇[2] 李彦生[2] 张兴义[2] 刘晓冰[1,2] ZHAO Yue;WANG Chun-yu;SUI Yue-yu;LI Yan-sheng;ZHANG Xing-yi;LIU Xiao-bing(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《玉米科学》2019年第6期95-103,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41671274);科技部支撑项目(2014BAD11B01-A01);黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2016009)

摘　　要：在重建不同厚度黑土层的定位模拟试验区开展免耕玉米大豆轮作试验,设置3个黑土耕层厚度,分别为10、20和30 cm,重点研究耕层厚度对玉米生育期内关键土壤酶活性的影响,分析乳熟期根际和非根际土壤的酶活性及其速效养分的差异。研究表明,不同生育期不同耕层厚度的玉米农田土壤脲酶活性变化差异不明显;土壤蔗糖酶活性变化差异显著;土壤磷酸酶活性在同一生长期不同耕层厚度差异明显,磷酸酶对耕层厚度的反应更为敏感。相同耕层厚度中不同土层深度间酶活性也有明显差异,0~10 cm土层的酶活性高于21~30 cm土层酶活性。乳熟期玉米根际土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶均在10 cm耕层厚度中活性最强。不同耕层厚度处理时,玉米农田土壤的根际土壤酶活性高于非根际土壤。30 cm耕层厚度速效氮含量根际土显著高于非根际土壤,有效磷含量无显著差异,根际土的速效钾含量均低于非根际土。With simulation experiment of different topsoil depths reconstruction under no-tillage maize-soybean rotation in mollisols region, this study examined the effects of different topsoil depths on key soil enzyme activities in maize growing season, and compared the rhizosphere soil and bulk soil enzyme activities and available nutrients at milking stage. The depths of the simulated topsoil were 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm. The results showed that there were no significant differences in soil urease activity among different topsoil depths. More significant changes in soil invertase activity were found in different growth stages. Soil phosphatase activity varied significantly with different topsoil depths at the same growth stage, and invertase activity was more sensitive to the response of topsoil depth. The enzyme activity was also significantly different between different soil layer at the same depth, and higher enzyme activity was found in 0-10 cm soil layer compared with that of the 21-30 cm soil layer. Rhizosphere soil at 10 cm topsoil depth all had the strongest urease, invertase and phosphatase activities. The enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was higher than that in bulk soil at different topsoil depths. Available nitrogen content of rhizosphere soil was significantly higher that of bulk soil at 30 cm topsoil depth, and no differences were found between bulk soil and rhizosphere soil for available phosphorus. However, available potassium content of rhizosphere soil was lower than that of bulk soil.

关 键 词：玉米 耕层厚度 酶活性 速效养分 根际 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]