竺可桢对哈佛大学导师制的引进及实践  

Coching Chu’s Introduction and Practice of the Tutorial System

作　　者：刘正伟[1] 卢美艳 Liu Zhengwei;Lu Meiyan(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;School of Foreign Languages,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310028 [2]杭州师范大学外国语学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第6期182-195,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题(DEA190354);浙江大学“双一流”建设中华优秀传统文化传承与创新计划项目。

摘　　要：经过蒋梦麟、邵裴子、程天放和郭任远四任校长的不懈努力,至20世纪30年代中期,国立浙江大学已经初步建立起现代大学体制,不过在学校的内部治理上还存在着诸多问题。1936年竺可桢接任校长后,以母校哈佛大学为参照标准,借鉴洛厄尔校长推行的导师制,倡导博雅和精专并重的人才培养理念,激发学生自我教育,追求卓越;同时,在实施导师制时,根据学校实际,提倡以身作则,训教合一,从而造就能担大任、主持风会、转移国运的领袖人才。由此,浙江大学声誉鹊起,在抗战后期成为中国最好的四所大学之一。When Coching Chu was studying for his doctoral degree at Harvard University from 1913 to 1918,Abbott Lawrence Lowell,President of Harvard University,carried out three reforms to address the disadvantages of the free elective system of Harvard University at that time.The reforms included the plan of Concentration and Distribution,the general examination and the tutorial system.The elective system had destroyed the curriculum as a race course to some degree.The reform of Concentration and Distribution and the general examination restored conditions and made it possible for students to pit their brains against one another in an intellectual competition where their performances could be appreciated and the winners could be declared,hence increasing respect for scholarship.As a necessary supplement and guarantee to the first two reforms,the tutorial system also worked as an important aid to self-education.With these measures taken,President Lowell made the Harvard of his day an exciting place in which to study or to teach,and attracted the devotion of the younger generation.In the mid-1930s,with the incessant efforts made by President Jiang Menglin,Shao Peizi,Cheng Tianfang and Guo Renyuan,the modern university system was established at National Chekiang University.On the other hand,many problems of the internal governance also existed at the University as well.In 1936,when he became the president of National Chekiang University,Coching Chu was unhappy with the situation of teachers only meeting with students at classrooms and teaching only intellectually.Chu believed the tutorial system of Harvard University could be applied to ease the situation.Soon after he took office,President Chu actively introduced the tutorial system concept of President Lowell,and made some transformation in accordance to the actual situation of the University.The implementation of the tutorial system at National Chekiang University could be mainly divided into two phases.The first phase lasted from April 1936 to February 1938,featuring expl

关 键 词：竺可桢 洛厄尔 导师制 哈佛大学 现代大学体制 课程 训教合一 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]