喀斯特断陷盆地土地利用对生态系统生产力的影响  

Impact of Land Use on Ecosystem Productivity in Karst Faulted Basin

作　　者：史晨璐 吴秀芹[1,2,3] SHI Chenlu;WU Xiuqin(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Yunnan Jianshui Desert Ecosystem National Positioning Research Station,Jianshui 654399)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学云南建水荒漠生态系统国家定位研究站,建水654399

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第2期341-351,共11页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41671080)资助。

摘　　要：为了客观地评估断陷盆地土地利用对生态环境的影响,从生态系统服务变化反映更深层次的人地之间复杂关系,本文基于断陷盆地多时间序列土地利用数据和陆地植被净生产力(NPP),阐明断陷盆地NPP时空变化趋势,揭示多年间土地利用变化的地类层次变化特征;运用生命周期评估方法,定量地分析土地占用和土地转化对石漠化地区陆地植被净生产力的影响,探讨石漠化治理的生态效益。结果表明:1) 2000-2015年间,断陷盆地大部分区域NPP变化不显著,少部分区域变化显著,以上升趋势为主;2)在6种地类中,林地变化平稳,建设用地增加趋势活跃且强烈,草地减少趋势活跃且强烈;3)林地占用潜在植被生产力与现有NPP之间的差值由西向东逐渐增加,与林地占用面积减少的空间分布一致,林地分布影响林地植被净生产力水平;4)研究区北部植被自然生长情况较好,东部地区六盘水市、普安县和陆良县石漠化区域林地植被存在一定程度的天然退化,林地生态恢复工程效果不明显;5)研究区80%的土地转化类型使得NPP增益,其中使NPP明显提升、有效而普遍的方式是草林转换和退耕还林;林地转为建设用地则对NPP的损害最大。In order to objectively evaluate the impact of land use on the ecological environment in faulted basins, and reflect the complex relationship between people and land at a deeper level from changes in ecosystem services, based on multi-time series land use data and terrestrial vegetation net productivity(NPP) in faulted basins, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of NPP in faulted basins are clarified, and the characteristics of landlevel changes in land use change intensity over many years is revealed. The life cycle assessment method is used to quantitatively analyze the impact of land occupation and land conversion on the net productivity of terrestrial vegetation in rocky desertification areas, and explores the ecological benefits of rocky desertification control. The results show that 1) the change of net primary productivity(NPP) in most areas of the study area was not significant between 2000 and 2015, NPP showed significant changes in a small part of the region with an upward trend as the main trend;2) among the six land types, the change of forest land is stable, the growth trend of construction land is active and strong, and the grassland reduction trend is active and strong;3) the difference between the potential vegetation productivity of forest land and the existing NPP gradually increases from west to east, and has a consistent spatial distribution with the reduction of forest land occupation, indicating that forest land distribution will affect the net productivity of forest land vegetation;and 4) the natural vegetation growth in the northern part of the study area is good. The forest vegetation in the rocky desertification areas of Liupanshui City, Pu’an County and Luliang County in the eastern region has a certain degree of natural degradation, and the ecological restoration effect of forest land is general;5) 80% of land conversion types in the research area makes NPP gain. The common way to makes NPP significantly improved is to convert grassland and cultivated land into forest

关 键 词：净初级生产力(NPP) 土地利用强度 断陷盆地 喀斯特 生命周期环境影响评估 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]