大蒜鳞茎浸提液活性成分及对苹果炭疽病菌的抑制作用  

Active constituents of garlic bulb extract and its inhibition on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

作　　者：祁高展[1] 刘红娜[1] 李贞子[1] 龙玲[1] 王明明[1] QI Gaozhan;LIU Hongna;LI Zhenzi;LONG Ling;WANG Mingming(College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2020年第1期59-63,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560323);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(31920130046,31920180036)。

摘　　要：为开发新型天然杀菌剂用于苹果炭疽病的无害化防治,以新鲜大蒜为原料,通过GC-MS分析和室内抑菌试验,研究大蒜鳞茎浸提液中活性成分及其对苹果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的抑菌作用。结果表明,大蒜鳞茎浸提液中主要含有6种活性成分,即二烯丙基二硫化物(DADS)、二烯丙基三硫化物(DATS)、二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)、苯甲酸乙酯(ELB)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和二烯丙基一硫化物(DAS),其含量分别为20.28%、15.96%、5.28%、2.78%、2.48%、2.30%。其中,二烯丙基三硫化物、二甲基二硫醚、二烯丙基二硫化物、苯甲酸乙酯以及二烯丙基一硫化物对苹果炭疽病菌均具有抑菌活性。二烯丙基三硫化物和二甲基二硫醚的抑菌活性最强,在质量浓度为200 mg·mL-1时其对病原物菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率均达到了100%,而苯甲酸乙酯则对病原物菌丝生长表现为低质量浓度促进和高质量浓度抑制的作用。二烯丙基三硫化物和二甲基二硫醚对苹果炭疽病具有较好的抑菌活性。To develop new natural fungicides for the harmless control of apple anthacnos,the active components in garlic bulb extract was analyzed by GC-MS and its inhibition to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was studied through indoor bacteriostasis test.The results showed that the garlic bulb extract mainly contains six active components,namely,diallyl disulfide(DADS),diallyl trisulfide(DATS),dimethyl disulfide(DMDS),ethyl benzoate(ELB),dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and diallyl monosulfide(DAS),the contents of which are respectively 20.28%,15.96%,5.28%,2.78%,2.48%and 2.30%.The bacteriostatic tests showed that diallyl trisulfide(DATS),dimethyl disulfide(DMDS),diallyl disulfide(DADS),ethyl benzoate(ELB)and diallyl disulfide(DAS)all had bacteriostatic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,and diallyl trisulfide(DATS)and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS)had the strongest bacteriostatic activity among them.When the concentration of DATS and DMDS reached 200 mg·mL-1,the inhibition rate of pathogen mycelium growth and spore germination could reach 100%,while the growth of pathogen mycelium was promoted by low concentration DBP and inhibited by high concentration DBP.Diallyltrisulfide(DATS)and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS)had good bacteriostatic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

关 键 词：大蒜鳞茎 活性成分 苹果炭疽病菌 抑菌作用 

分 类 号：S436[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]