《九歌·山鬼》“祈雨于山川”考  

On Praying for Rain in the Mountains and Rivers in Mountain Ghost of Nine Songs

作　　者：曹胜高[1] CAO Shenggao(Shaanxi Normal University,Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2020年第1期50-56,共7页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华优秀传统文化的学理建构、价值认同与教育策略研究”(17JZD044)。

摘　　要：祈雨于山川百源,是两周的常雩之礼,常通过祭祀山神的方式进行。周以有功于天下者命名山川,其寿终者为山神,夭伤者为山鬼,山神山鬼风里来雨里去,成为祈雨的对象。《高唐赋》《神女赋》皆言巫山神女自荐枕席于楚怀王,《山鬼》中山鬼抱怨的对象为灵修,在屈原赋中的灵修,是楚怀王以众巫之长祭祀神灵的身份,故《山鬼》当为楚怀王祈雨于巫山的娱神之辞,其祭义为祈雨于山川。Praying for rain at the mountain source is the Yu rite in the Zhou dynasty which often performed by sacrificial rite to the mountain god. Mountains and rivers are named by the man whose merits and good deeds have been done in the world. When he died,he became the mountain god. When he died young,he became the mountain ghost. Mountain god and mountain ghost come and go in the wind and rain and become the object of prayer for rain. Gao Tang Fu and Goddess Fu said that the Wushan goddess recommended bed for King Huai of Chu. In Mountain Ghost,the mountain ghost complaints for a wizard who is the identity of King Huai of Chu worshiping gods and also exists in Qu Yuan Fu. So Mountain Ghost is the anthology about the prayer amusing Wushan goddess whose sacrifice meaning is praying for rain in the mountains and rivers.

关 键 词：《山鬼》 山川之祀 祈雨于山川 祈雨之辞 

分 类 号：I222[文学—中国文学]