烟台市农村地区井水硝酸盐暴露健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of exposure to nitrate in drinking water from wells in rural areas of Yantai city

作　　者：王松松[1] 刘磊[1] 李芸 张艺[1] 王玖 于桂梅[1] WANG Song-song;LIU Lei;LI Yun;ZHANG Yi;WANG Jiu;YU Gui-mei(Yantai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China;School of Public Health and Management,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003 [2]滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2020年第3期286-289,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2017年度山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(项目编号:2017WS570)。

摘　　要：目的监测评估2015-2018年烟台市农村地区成年人、婴儿井水硝酸盐的暴露风险状况。方法对烟台市农村地区1174口水井硝酸盐浓度进行监测,枯、丰水期各一次,运用χ2检验等方法对所得数据进行统计分析;同时结合体重、每日饮水量,估算出成年男性、成年女性、孕早期女性、新出生婴儿及三月龄婴儿等不同人群的危险系数(hazard quotient,HQ)。结果2015-2018年共检测2348份水样。不同年份、不同采样时段硝酸盐含量差别均无统计学意义;硝酸盐含量中位数(Cexp50)为17.8 mg/L;较高暴露Cexp95为53.4 mg/L;成年男性、成年女性、孕早期女性的HQ50、HQ95均超过1;新出生婴儿的HQ50、HQ95分别为11.47和34.41;三月龄婴儿的HQ50、HQ95分别为10.14和30.41。结论烟台市农村地区井水中硝酸盐含量稳定,成年人是饮水硝酸盐暴露的中等风险人群;新出生婴儿、三月龄婴儿的饮水硝酸盐危险系数较高,是高风险群体,需引起高度重视。Objective To monitor and assess the status of risk exposure to nitrate in drinking water from wells among adults and infants in rural areas of Yantai city from 2015 to 2018.Methods A total of 1,174 wells in rural areas of Yantai city were monitored,and each well was monitored twice a year,one in dry season and another in wet season.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study.At the same time,we estimated the hazard quotients(HQs)of different population groups(including adult males and females,women during early pregnancy,newborns and infants aged three months)based on body weight and daily water consumption.Results A total of 2,348 water samples were tested during 2015-2018.No statistically significant differences were found in the concentration of nitrate among water samples collected in different years and at different sampling periods.The median nitrate content at 50%(CEXP50)and 95%(CEXP95)exposure levels was 17.8 mg/L and 53.4 mg/L,respectively.HQ50 and HQ95 in adult males,adult females and women during early pregnancy all exceeded 1.HQ50 and HQ95 in newborns were 11.47 and 34.41,respectively,and those in infants aged three months were 10.14 and 30.41,respectively.Conclusions The concentration of nitrate from well-water in rural areas of Yantai city is stable.Adults are medium risk groups exposed to nitrate in drinking water.The hazard quotients(HQs)of newborns and three-month-old infants are both high;and hence,special attention should be paid to these high-risk groups.

关 键 词：农村地区 饮用水 硝酸盐 风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]