重大突发事件中的美国官方话语特征研究  

The discourse features of American governmental discourse in major emergencies

作　　者：代树兰[1] MIAO Shan DAI Shulan;MIAO Shan(Jiangsu University of Technology;Science and Policy Research Unit,University of Sussex,Sussex House,Brighton BN 19RH,United Kingdom)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院 [2]Science and Policy Research Unit,University of Sussex,Sussex House,Brighton BN 19RH,United Kingdom

出　　处：《外国语言文学》2019年第5期501-514,共14页Foreign Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目“重大事件中美官方话语比较研究”(19YJA740007);“基于语料库的中美经贸摩擦新闻的隐喻研究”(19YJC740086);江苏省社会科学基金研究项目“重大突发事件中美官方话语对比研究”(15YYB003).

摘　　要：论文聚焦美国重大突发事件后的官方话语过程,以美国政府941重大突发危机事件官方网站上的官方话语为语料,在融会贯通话语分析的基本理论和研究方法的基础上,通过对语料分析软件AntConc提取的词汇、词频进行深层分析,对重大突发事件中的美国官方话语展开研究,揭示其话语特征:作为政治话语,重大突发危机事件中的官方话语具有明显的机构话语特征。与我国相比,重大突发危机事件中美国官方话语的突出特征是其对国家身份、国家形象与意识形态的建构与凸显:善于利用危机后的话语空白,在为事件定性的同时,确立国家身份,建构国家形象,谋求话语霸权;在焦虑和恐惧的基础上,与外在的"他者"相比,实现对"自我"的建构,为推行既定国家战略制造舆论,强化美国的价值观和意识形态。Focusing on American governmental discourse in major emergencies,making use of theories and methodologies of discourse analysis,and based on an intensive analysis of the vocabulary and word frequency extracted from corpus analysis software AntConc(Anthony 2014) on the US government’s official website for 11 September,the paper made a thorough study on the discourse features and strategies adopted by American government and found that:As a political genre,governmental discourse in crisis is defined by its institutional features.Compared with the governmental discourse in China,the construction of national identity,national image and ideology are prominent in American governmental discourse.Taking advantage of the vacancy of discourse and the anxiety,fear and horrors among people after major emergencies,American governmental discourse,while defining the event,constructs,foregrounds its national identity and national image,and seeks discourse hegemony.By creating the external "other",the "evils" and "common enemies",the American government establishes an ideal "self" and lays a sound foundation for its pre-established national strategies,while stressing and strengthening the American values and ideologies.

关 键 词：危机话语 国家形象 意识形态 话语霸权 国家战略 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]