“生态正义”还是“环境正义”?——试论印度环境运动的正义向度  

“Ecological Justice”or“Environmental Justice”:On Justice Dimension of Indian Environmental Movement

作　　者：王云霞 Wang Yunxia(School of Philosophy and Government,Shaanxi Normal University)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学与政府管理学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第1期24-33,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国环境正义问题的理论维度研究”(15BZX039)。

摘　　要：“生态正义”和“环境正义”是有着不同正义指向的两个概念。前者是伴随全球性生态危机的出现,一些学者和环境保护主义者对人与自然关系进行再思考的产物。其主旨在于构建人和自然之间的正义关系,关心的是荒野、湿地、国家公园和濒危物种的安全。后者则是有色人种、少数族裔和蓝领工人阶级等弱势环境群体为追求环境平等权益而掀起的一场声势浩大的社会正义运动,关注的是“小微环境”也即人们“工作、生活和玩耍”的地方免遭环境不正义行为的侵害。用生态正义和环境正义观照印度环境运动的正义指向,是一个非常有趣的议题。作为世界上发展最快的新型国家之一,印度同样面临着生态恶化的巨大挑战,但由此催生的本土环境运动却呈现出别样的旨趣和特征。这体现在它既不能等同于生态正义,也不能被简单划归于环境正义,毋宁说是二者的奇妙混合体。对印度环境运动正义向度的考察有助于甄别生态正义和环境正义,深化环境哲学的研究,更好地推进我国的现代化和生态建设。“Ecological justice”and“environmental justice”are two concepts with different justice orientations.The former is the concept some scholars and environmentalists use when they reconsider the relationship between man and nature with the emergence of global ecological crisis.The essence of ecological justice is to build a just relationship between man and nature.The major concerns are wilderness,wetlands,national parks and the safety of endangered species.The latter is about a huge social justice movement launched by disadvantaged environmental groups such as people of color,ethnic minority groups and blue?collar working class in pursuit of environmental equality.It focuses on the“small environment”,the place where people“work,live and play”,to avoid environmental injustice.It is interesting to observe the justice orientation of environmental movement in India in terms of ecological and environmental justice.As one of the fastest growing countries in the world,India is also facing the great challenge of ecological deterioration.However,the local environmental movement in India has different purposes and characteristics which are reflected in the fact that it can not be simply classified as either ecological justice or environmental justice,but rather it is a wonderful mixture of the two.The investigation of the justice dimension of Indian environmental movement is helpful to distinguish between ecological justice and environmental justice,deepen the research of environmental philosophy,and better promote the modernization and ecological construction of China.

关 键 词：生态正义 环境正义 印度环境运动 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]