耍孩儿·台阁(抬阁)·肉傀儡  

Shuahai’er,Taige and Body Puppet

作　　者：康保成[1] 张哲[2] KANG Baocheng;ZHANG Zhe

机构地区：[1]广州大学文学思想研究中心 [2]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2020年第1期39-48,共10页Theatre Arts

摘　　要：金元时期已广泛使用的曲牌[耍孩儿],来自将幼童扛在肩上玩耍的一种游戏,亦即"肉傀儡"。幼童若以土木制作的假娃娃充任,便成为傀儡戏。艺人在演唱傀儡戏时专腔专用,此唱腔便演变为曲牌。文献中记载的"肉傀儡"现在依然保留在全国各地,多地称其为"抬阁",宋代以前多写作"台阁"。最初用于佛道二教仪式,是以草木扎成的亭台楼阁,并非一种娱乐方式。作为娱乐方式的台阁出现在南宋。明代出现"抬阁"的叫法,其意义也从名词转而成为动宾词组,且专指幼童被扛在成年人肩上游戏。其余还有"芯子""小儿扮戏""背铁棍""飘色"等多种叫法。其特点是在衣裤中穿入一根金属的"芯子"将小儿绑定,观众只看到小儿是立于大人肩上,或坐在车上、轿上,装扮戏剧故事。广东地区的"水上飘色"(当地人直称"水色"),则是小儿立于船上装扮戏剧人物。Shuahai’er was a widely used qupai(a fixed melody in traditional Chinese music)during Jin and Yuan Dynasties.It literally means“playing with child”.It originated from a game where children were carried on an adult's shoulder,so it is also known as“body puppet”.If the puppets were not human beings but wooden dolls,the game would become a“puppet play”.The folk artists in such a play would use a particular tune to sing the songs,which finally became a qupai.According to the literature,the practice of the“body puppet”is still preserved in different places across China and is named“taige”(抬阁),literally meaning“carrying a garret”.During the pre-Song Dynasty(960-1279 A.D.),it was written as“taige”(台阁),literally meaning“a garret on a platform”,which was traditionally performed in Buddhist and Taoist ritual ceremonies.In these ceremonies,the garrets were made of wood and the practice was not for entertaining purposes.It was not until the South Song Dynasty(1127-1279 A.D.)that this practice was transformed to recreational.The name“taige”(抬阁)appeared in Ming Dynasty(1368-1644 A.D.),with its grammatical structure changed from a noun phrase to a verbobjective phrase,referring specifically to the game in which adults carry children on their shoulders.The other names also include“xinzi”(芯子),meaning the core,“xiao’erbanxi”(小儿扮戏),meaning kids acting,“beitiegun”(背铁棍),meaning carrying the black iron cudgel,and“piaose”(飘色),meaning flying colors.The sharing feature is that in these games kids are stabilized with a metal“xinzi”(the core)hidden in their clothes over the shoulders of the adults,or over the cars or sedan chairs,wearing different costumes,acting as characters from folk stories.In Guangdong,the“shuishangpiaose”(水上飘色),meaning flying colors over the water,or“shuise”(水色),the color of the water,as it is named by the local people,is with children standing over the boats in costumes,acting as the characters from trad

关 键 词：耍孩儿 肉傀儡 抬阁 台阁 芯子 飘色 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]