阶梯轴类零件激光在机测量误差补偿研究  

Research on Error Compensation for Laser On-machine Measurement of Stepped Shaft Part

作　　者：尉渊 丁大伟[2] 赵正彩[2] 刘英智 徐九华[2] YU Yuan;DING Dawei;ZHAO Zhengcai;LIU Yingzhi;XU Jiuhua(Beijing Xinghang Mechanical&Electronic Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100074,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]北京星航机电装备有限公司,北京100074 [2]南京航空航天大学机电学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《机械制造与自动化》2020年第1期23-25,51,共4页Machine Building & Automation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51475233);国家自然科学青年基金项目(51805258);江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20180441)。

摘　　要：轴类零件主要用来传递转矩和承受载荷,常通过数控车床加工而成其精度要求高,可用激光位移传感器对其轮廓信息进行采集,但由于机床存在位置及运动误差等,使得在机测量精度较低。因此为提高测量精度,提出面向阶梯轴类零件激光测量的实时误差补偿算法,并分别对补偿前后台阶测量点云进行模型重构,对比分析其测量误差。对比分析结果验证了补偿算法的有效性。台阶面测量表明,经几何关系修正后,其平面测量误差与三坐标测量结果差值为0.002 mm,证明测量拟合精度高。Shaft parts are mainly used to transfer torque and bear load and machined by numerical control lathe.Their accuracy needs to be high.A laser displacement sensor is adopted in collecting the profile information,but the measurement accuracy can’t satisfy the demand due to the location and motion errors of lathes.To improve the accuracy,a real-time error compensation algorithm for the stepped shaft part is proposed.The measured point clouds before and after compensation are imported into software respectively to reconstruct the models,which are used to compare and analyze the measuring errors.The results show that the effectiveness of the compensation method is verified.After the correction based on the geometric relationship,the error of the step plane is close to the result of CMM and the high precision of the laser on-machine measurement is proved.

关 键 词：数控车床 阶梯轴零件 误差补偿 激光在机测量 模型重构 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]