KNO3浓度对基质袋培薄皮甜瓜产量和风味品质的影响  

Effect of KNO3 Concentration on Yield and Flavor Quality of Oriental Melon Cultured in Substrate Bag

作　　者：耿国明 邵青旭 李悦鹏 于雷 齐红岩[1] GENG Guo-ming;SHAO Qing-xu;LI Yue-peng;YU Lei;QI Hong-yan(College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture,Ministry of Education/Northern National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology(Liaoning),Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang,110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院/设施园艺省部共建教育部重点实验室/北方园艺设施设计与应用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心(辽宁),沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第1期52-61,共10页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-25);沈阳市科技计划项目(17-143-3-00)。

摘　　要：探究基质袋栽培条件下改变山崎配方营养液中KNO3浓度,对甜瓜矿质元素吸收、产量和风味品质的影响,为温室基质袋培甜瓜的优质生产提供依据。以薄皮甜瓜品种玉美人为试材,在甜瓜专用山崎配方基础上,根据2017年产量试验结果,进行5个不同KNO3浓度处理:0%、65%、100%、125%和200%,分别以NK1、NK2、NK3、NK4和NK5表示,其中100%为山崎配方中的原浓度,设为对照。测定甜瓜伸蔓期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期植株氮、钾元素吸收量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量、香气成分、蔗糖代谢和香气合成相关酶活性及基因表达变化。结果表明:在产量、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量上NK1和NK5处理结果较低,而NK2、NK3和NK4处理的产量、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量无显著差异;测定出成熟甜瓜果实中香气物质39种,其中酯类物质为17种,NK3处理含量最高,NK1处理含量最低;测定NK2和NK3处理的SPS酶活性最高,NK1处理SPS酶活性最低;NK3处理的CmSPS01基因表达量最高,而其他4个处理间无显著差异;NK2和NK3处理CmLOX08、CmLOX09和CmAAT1基因表达量无显著差异且显著高于其他处理,而NK1处理CmLOX16的相对表达量最高,其相关作用有待进一步研究,由此可见NK2与NK3处理总体效果相似。综上所述,NK2和NK3处理综合表现较好;结合2017年产量试验结果得出结论,即减少KNO325%~35%时,有利于甜瓜优质生产,实现化肥减施。To explore the effects of changing the concentration of KNO3 in Yamazaki formula nutrient solution on mineral element absorption, yield and flavor quality of melon under cultivation conditions, and to provide basis for high quality production of melon substrate bag cultivation in greenhouse. Taking oriental melon variety Yumeiren as test material, five treatments of different KNO3 concentrations were carried out according to the yield results of the 2017 test and the basis of special Yamazaki formula for melon: 0%, 65%, 100%, 125% and 200%, respectively, expressed as NK1, NK2, NK3, NK4 and NK5. Among them,100% KNO3 was the original concentration in the Yamazaki formula and taken as control. Nitrogen and potassium uptake on vine stage, expanding stage and maturity stage, soluble solids, soluble sugar content, aroma components, activities of sucrose metabolism, aroma synthesis related enzymes and gene expression of melon plants were determined. The results showed that the results of NK1 and NK5 treatments were lower in yield, soluble solids and soluble sugar content, but there was no significant difference in yield, soluble solids and soluble sugar content between NK2, NK3 and NK4 treatments. There were 39 aromatic substances determined in mature melon fruit, among which 17 were esters, the highest content was the NK3 treatment and the lowest content was the NK1 treatment, the highest activity of SPS were NK2 and NK3 treatments and the lowest activity of SPS was NK1 treatment, the highest expression of CmSPS01 was NK3 treatment, there was no significant difference among the other4 treatments. The gene expression of CmLOX08, CmLOX09 and CmAAT1 were no significant difference between NK2 and NK3,and it was significantly higher than other treatments. However, the relative expression of CmLOX16 in NK1 treatment was the highest, and its related role needs further study. Taken together, NK2 and NK3 were better than others treatments, combining with the yield results of 2017 test, it is concluded that reducing KNO3 by 25%-

关 键 词：薄皮甜瓜 基质袋栽培 KNO3浓度 可溶性糖 香气成分 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]