马六甲海峡崛起的历史逻辑--郑和七下西洋七至满剌加考实  

Historical Logic behind the Rise of Malacca Strait:Zheng He’s Seven Voyages to the West Seas and Malacca

作　　者：万明[1] WAN Ming(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史所,北京100732

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2020年第3期94-102,共9页Pacific Journal

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代海上丝绸之路图像资料的收集、整理与研究”(18ZDA186)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历史上的马六甲海峡名不见经传。国际上习惯以马六甲称呼该海峡,是以海峡得名于著名国际贸易港口马六甲(Melaka,原称Malacca),即今马来西亚马六甲州首府马六甲市。马六甲是满剌加的音译,由满剌加衍变而来,是海峡专有称呼,始自15世纪初满剌加王国的兴起,并逐渐形成重要国际贸易港口城市。满剌加王国兴起与海峡崛起密不可分,海峡崛起与郑和七下西洋有着紧密联系。迄今一般认为郑和下西洋五次到达满剌加,也就是从第三次下西洋算起,这一问题因《明实录》失载郑和第一次下西洋出发时间,同时也失载首次前往满剌加赍诏封王的使臣之名,形成悬案一直没有解决。郑和七下西洋每次必到满剌加,确定为七次,需要进行全面考证,以彰显海峡的重要。郑和第一次下西洋就消除了海峡的海盗问题,为海峡安全建立保障,对于海峡崛起发挥了至关重要的作用。从全球史的视野出发,我们对郑和下西洋的研究,不仅是在追踪明代中国揭开人类大航海序幕的轨迹,还涉及如何看待和理解全球史的重大问题。郑和下西洋如何改变了世界?对此可以从满剌加海峡的崛起来理解。The Malacca Strait used to be unknown in history.Internationally,it was used to call the strait in Malacca,which was named after the famous international port of Malacca.Malacca derived from Melaka(满剌加),which is a transliteration.The strait got a special name in the early 15th century with the rise of the Melaka Kingdom(满剌加王国).The rise of the Strait was inseparable from the rise of the Melaka Kingdom and Zheng He’s seven voyages to the West Seas.This article provides a further analysis of Zheng He’s seven voyages,in which Melaka was visited each time.Presently,it’s commonly acknowledged that Zheng He had been to Melaka for five times.Zheng He’s first voyages to Southeast Asia and onward had eliminated the piracy problem in the Strait,ensuring the security of the Strait,which played a vital role in the rise of the strait.From the perspective of global history,our research on Zheng He’s voyages not only explores the trajectory of how China has unveiled the great voyage of mankind in the Ming dynasty but also probes into major issues of how to view and understand global history.An exploration of the rise of the Malacca Strait could provide an insight into how Zheng He’s voyages have changed the world.The rise of the Strait was the result of the heyday of the maritime Silk Road in the early 15th century and was a successful example of cooperation and win-win international relations in history.The far-reaching significance was to become an inflection point of global history and profoundly affect the progress of human history.It means that the center of human interaction had turned from the Eurasian continent to the sea,symbolizes the irreversible trend of building a community with a shared future for mankind towards the ocean,and indicates that the transition to the Pacific era based on the rise of the Strait depends not on the Westerners’voyages to the east after nearly a century.

关 键 词：马六甲海峡 满剌加王国 郑和下西洋 国际贸易中心 全球史 

分 类 号：K248.105[历史地理—历史学]