大学教育质量与劳动力市场表现——基于工资回报的分析  

Quality of College Education and Labor Market Performance——An Analysis Based on Wage Returns

作　　者：屈小博[1] 吕佳宁 QU Xiaobo;LV Jianing(Chinese Academy Social Sciences,Beijing,China;Shanghai University,Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,100028 [2]上海大学上海研究院,200072

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第2期30-44,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“户籍制度改革的成本与收益研究”(14BJY034);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目“供给侧结构性改革中的人力资本积累问题研究”(71642003);中国社会科学院创新工程项目“新时代就业结构与生产率提升问题研究”(2019RKSA02)的资助。

摘　　要：1999年高校扩招以来,中国高等教育规模迅速扩张,普通高等教育逐渐趋于大众化,大学教育质量增强劳动力市场供给与需求的匹配时,会对劳动力市场产生怎样的效应?已有文献研究面临的困难是缺乏度量大学教育质量的微观数据。本文利用2016年中国城市劳动力调查(CULS4)数据,并匹配劳动力高等教育相关数据信息,实证分析了大学教育质量对工资收入的影响。研究发现:第一,大学教育质量对劳动力的工资具有显著的正向效应,随着大学教育质量的提高,劳动者工资回报递增。第二,采用工具变量的估计结果表明,每提升一个大学教育质量层次,劳动者进入劳动力市场后的平均工资收入将提升28.45%。第三,稳健性检验结果也表明,在相似的受教育年限下,大学教育质量差异所带来的工资回报将更加明显。第四,机制分析表明,大学教育质量通过工作转换、努力程度等影响工资回报。因此,在高等教育普及的同时,调整资源配置、让更多普通劳动力获得优质高等教育尤为重要。Since the college expansion initiated in 1999,the scale of higher education in China has grown rapidly.As the ordinary higher education tend to be gradually popular,what kind of effects does the quality of college education have on labor market performance of college graduates?A common problem in answering this question is the lack of microeconomic data with the measure of the quality of college education.Based on the CULS 4 data in 2016 and the data on higher education received by individualss,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of college education quality on earnings.The findings are as follows:First,the quality of college education has a significantly positive effect on earnings.Second,the results of instrumental variable regessions show that average earnings would increase by 28.45%,if the quality of university education increases by one level.Third,the robustness test also shows that differences in the quality of college education lead to larger wage returns for people with similar years of schooling.Fourth,the mechanism analysis shows that the quality of college education affects wage returns through job transitions and work effort.Therefore,while popularizing higher education,it is particularly important to adjust resource allocation and continuously improve the quality of higher education.

关 键 词：大学教育 教育质量回报 劳动力市场 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] F249.2[文化科学—教育学]