论研究生培养中的两种利益取向——对“钱学森之问”的一种解答  

On two interest orientations in postgraduate education--An answer to Qian Xuesen′s question

作　　者：石敦国[1] 安怡 SHI Dun-guo;AN Yi(College of Humanities and Law,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学文法学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《教学研究》2020年第1期36-41,共6页Research in Teaching

基　　金：燕山大学研究生教育教学改革项目(JG201708)。

摘　　要：当前我国研究生教育的外在利益取向是比较明显的。研究生的课程学习、研究方向和课题的选择等,主要着眼于毕业后的就业竞争力和职业前景。研究生的考核评价和毕业条件的设定,也不同程度地存在唯论文论或论文至上论。发表的论文数量和刊物级别也有要求。这种外在利益取向不仅不利于取得重大的研究成果和培养杰出人才,而且还可能导致研究生的学术道德风险。内在利益是研究生在科学研究中实现自己的人生价值,体会到一种本体性的存在感和满足感。内在利益是不可化约的,是为他性与自为性以及个体性与社会性的直接统一。内在利益取向应当在研究生培养目标和培养过程中体现出来。对研究生的考核评价应当增加内在利益的权重,完善对课题研究失败的考核评价机制。探讨研究生教育的利益取向问题,是对“钱学森之问”的一种解答。At present, the external interest orientation of postgraduate education is quite obvious in China. Postgraduate courses, research directions, and research subjects mainly focus on employment competitiveness and career prospects. Graduate Students are evaluated according to the number and level of published papers. This kind of external interest orientation is not only bad for obtaining significant research results and cultivating outstanding talents, but also may lead to problems in academic morality of graduate students. The internal interest is in relation to the life value, the sense of existence and satisfaction that graduate students can achieve in scientific research. The internal interest is irreducible, as it is a unity of in-itself and for-others as well as individuality and sociality. The goal and process of postgraduate education should be oriented by internal interests. The weight of internal interests should be increased in the assessment and evaluation of postgraduate, and the evaluation mechanism for the failed research projects should be developed. The answer to Qian Xuesen′s question can be found in the interest orientation of postgraduate education.

关 键 词：外在利益 内在利益 研究生 钱学森之问 

分 类 号：G643.0[文化科学—高等教育学]