无觉知条件下的客体注意效应  

The Object-Based Attention Without Awareness

作　　者：李诸洋[1,2] 吕勇 Li Zhuyang;Lyu Yong(Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300074;School of Educational Science,Ludong University,Yantai,264025)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074 [2]鲁东大学教育科学学院,烟台264025

出　　处：《心理科学》2019年第6期1319-1324,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：采用双矩形范式变式考察在对客体无觉知的条件下的客体注意效应,共包括两个实验:实验1考察对完整矩形客体无觉知的条件下能否出现客体注意效应,发现在完整矩形客体不可见的情况下依然出现了客体注意效应。实验2考察对虚拟矩形客体无觉知的情况下是否能够出现客体注意效应,发现在虚拟矩形客体不可见的情况下也能够出现客体注意效应。综上所述,无论客体轮廓是否完整,不可见条件下的客体均能够引导客体注意效应的产生,这提示客体觉知并不是产生客体注意效应的充分条件。Historically, it was generally believed that visual selective attention could operate on space, which emphasized the spatial properties of attention. However, a seminal double-rectangle cuing paradigm demonstrated that attention could also operate on objects. This paradigm has been widely used in the study of object-based attention. However, these studies mainly focused on how visible objects directed attention. Few studies focused on whether invisible objects could guide attention. In addition, previous studies have shown that visual attention could operate within a region of space or select a visual feature in the absence of awareness, which suggested that attention and awareness were distinct phenomena. However, the relationship between attention and awareness remains controversial currently, wherefore we hope to provide new evidence for the relationship between attention and awareness by examining the object-based attention effect without awareness.The present study explored the object-based attention without awareness by using a modified double-rectangle cuing paradigm. In Experiment 1, we made some improvements on the basis of the previous studies and explored whether the invisible intact rectangular object could affect the deployment of attention. In this experiment, each trial began with a fixation cross. After a delay of 500 ms, the cue was flashed for 100 ms at one of four locations where the target might appear, and then followed an 80-ms interstimulus interval. After an interstimulus interval, invisible objects were presented for 16 ms. After that, an 80-ms interstimulus interval was followed by the target(red or green circle) presented for 150 ms. Participants were asked to judge the color of the target. After judging, participants needed to answer two questions. It was found that the invisible intact rectangular object could guide the deployment of attention.To our knowledge, there were no studies to explore whether the invisible perceptual object could guide attention. Therefore, in Experiment 2, w

关 键 词：客体注意效应 觉知 客体表征 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]