生成认知与具身机能主义的比较--表征的取舍  

The Comparison of Enactive Cognition and Embodied Functionalism--How to Use the Representations

作　　者：谢子燊 叶浩生[1] Xie Zishen;Ye Haosheng(College of Education,GuangZhou University,Guangzhou,510006)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育学院,广州510006

出　　处：《心理科学》2019年第6期1520-1525,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：广东省基础研究与应用研究重大项目(2016WZDXM022)的资助。

摘　　要：在具身认知不同的思潮中,生成认知以其激进的观点反对表征和计算主义,可以称之为是具身认知思潮中的最为激进的一部分。另一方面,由于标准认知中表征和计算的解释力和影响力,具身认知诞生出各种不同程度上的"妥协"性理论,其中,以克拉克为代表的具身的"机能主义"为目前具身认知的主流观点。表征尽管在当前阶段中表现出强大的生命力,但依然无法在所有领域中都得到运用。随着表征的改造与发展,未来的激进具身认知工作者应该将更多的精力投入到具身认知与更多学科的融合研究中。This article focuses on the comparison between the radical and moderate views of embodied cognition. In the field of embodied cognition, enactive cognition opposes representation and computationalism in its radical view and can be described as an important symbol of the independent development of the embodied cognition. The radical view of embodied cognition emphasizes that representation is not needed.On the other hand, due to the influence of representations in traditional cognitive science, there are various degrees of "compromise" theories born in the embodied cognition, and the embodied functionalism represented by Clark has become the mainstream in the embodied cognition, which accepts some hypotheses of representation. The moderate view of embodied cognition emphasizes that representation should be retained in embodied cognition.First, the representative views of two different embodied cognitive views are introduced. One is the enactive cognition proposed by Varela. The enactive cognition, as a representative theory against representation in embodied cognition, is regarded as radical. The second is embodied functionalism proposed by Clark. As a mild point of view, embodied functionalism emphasizes the transformation of representation. There is an important connection between the transformation of representation and the problem of symbol grounding. Clark’s representation is action-oriented and solves the problem of symbol neutrality in the previous cognition science. Although representation shows strong vitality, it still cannot be used in all fields of the psychology. As embodied cognition develops in sensorimotor system and language studies, representations should be changed and used carefully. The radical cognitive researchers should devote more energy to the methodology and the tools of embodied cognition.The third part discusses the status and meaning of representation in psychology. In addition, the multiple realizability is discussed. The problem of multiple realizability is not the focus of radica

关 键 词：具身认知 生成认知 具身机能主义 表征 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]