西藏2015-2017年农村中小学生营养改善状况评估  

Analysis on the monitoring and evaluation of nutrition improvement of primary and middle school students in rural Tibet during 2015-2017

作　　者：普布卓玛 索朗卓玛[2] 李素娟 马啸 PUBU Zhuoma;SUOLANG Zhuoma;LI Sujuan;MA Xiao(Health Monitoring Institute,Center for Disease Control,Tibet Autonomous Region,Lasa,850000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区疾病控制中心卫生监测所,拉萨850000 [2]西藏自治区人民医院妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第1期29-31,35,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的评估2015-2017年西藏农村中小学生营养改善状况,为制定少数民族地区学生营养改善政策提供参考。方法于2015-2017年,对西藏45个实施农村营养改善计划县的学校抽取10%的小学和初中开展营养监测状况评估,共监测6~16岁学生56674名。监测指标为生长迟滞、消瘦、超重和肥胖。结果2015-2017年监测学生消瘦率分别为11.62%,9.08%,8.39%;生长迟缓率为10.27%,11.87%,8.99%;超重率为5.17%,6.78%,7.04%;肥胖率为2.49%,2.70%,5.65%,西藏农村学生的消瘦率和生长迟缓率逐年下降,超重率和肥胖率逐年增高,3年消瘦率、生长迟缓率、超重率和肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为122.40,81.96,665.88,320.74,P值均<0.01)。2015-2017年监测男、女生消瘦率分别为11.85%,7.60%;生长迟缓为10.71%,7.70%;超重率为6.59%,6.00%;肥胖率为3.41%,3.50%,3年男生和女生消瘦率、生长迟缓率、超重率差异均有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为290.25,153.63,8.33,P值均<0.01);肥胖率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.34,P>0.05)。2015-2017年不同年龄学生消瘦率、生长迟缓率、超重率和肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),随着年龄的增长,消瘦和生长迟缓率逐年增长,超重率和肥胖率下降。结论营养改善计划使西藏农村中小学生营养不良状况(消瘦、生长迟缓)有了明显改善,但营养过剩也在增加。需合理配餐、均衡营养、加强锻炼、加强"食育",以提高西藏地区儿童青少年的健康水平。Objective To monitor and evaluate the nutritional improvement of primary and middle school students in rural Tibet from 2015 to 2017,and to provide a reference for local nutritional policy.Methods From 2015 to 2017,10%of the primary and middle schools in 45 counties implementing the rural nutrition improvement plan in Tibet were selected to carry out nutrition monitoring assessment.The monitoring indicators included growth retardation,emaciation,overweight and obesity,and the percentage comparison was analyzed by chi-square test.Results A total of 56674 aged 6-16 students were monitored from 2015 to 2017,and the wasting rate was 11.62%,9.08%and 8.39%,respectively.Growth retardation rate was 10.27%,11.87%and 8.99%.The overweight rate was 5.17%,6.78%and 7.04%.Obesity rate 2.49%,2.70%,5.65%.The wasting rate and growth delay rate of rural students in Tibet decreased year by year,while overweight rate and obesity rate increased year by year.The difference between wasting and growth delay prevalence in three years was statistically significant(χ^2=122.40,81.96,P<0.01).The difference between overweight and obesity prevalence within three years also had statistical significance(χ^2=665.88,320.74,P<0.01).The emaciation rate of boys and girls monitored from 2015 to 2017 was 11.85%and 7.60,respectively.Growth retardation was 10.71%and 7.70%.The overweight rate was 6.59%and 6.00%.The obesity rate was 3.41%,3.50%,the wasting rate difference between male and female in three years has statistical significance(χ^2=290.25,P<0.01);The growth delay rate difference was statistically significant(χ^2=153.63,P<0.01);The difference of overweight rate was statistically significant(χ^2=8.33,P<0.01);There was no statistically significant difference in the obesity prevalence(χ^2=0.34,P>0.05),since the emaciation rate,growth delay rate and overweight rate of male students were higher than that of female students.From 2015 to 2017,there were statistically significant differences in weight loss,growth delay,overweight and obesity prevale

关 键 词：营养调查 营养状况 营养不良 超重 肥胖症 学生 农村人口 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] G478[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]