胶州湾事件中清政府的对俄外交  

Qing Government Diplomacy Towards Russia During the Jiaozhou Bay Incident

作　　者：贾小叶 Jia Xiaoye

机构地区：[1]中国历史研究院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《历史研究》2020年第1期113-134,M0005,M0006,共24页Historical Research

摘　　要：德占胶州湾事件发生后,在“决不动兵”的战略决策下,清政府出于对《中俄密约》签订后中俄同盟关系的信赖,将联俄视为解决胶案的重要筹码,于是便有了李鸿章与翁同龢的联俄努力。然而,俄国围绕胶案的决策却始终没有顾及中俄同盟。从其国家利益出发,最初俄国的决策经历了由派舰赴胶到取消俄舰赴胶的转变。而后,当中方求俄未果、决定暂不求助俄国时,俄舰却不请自来,以中俄同盟为借口,实则意在占领旅顺、大连,清政府欲拒不能。这显示,俄舰来华与否,与清政府的请、拒无关。对照俄国的相关决策可见,清政府围绕胶州湾事件展开的对俄外交,不仅暴露了弱国外交的屈辱与无奈,更暴露出了主持外交者的懵懂与无知。而由此引发的列强瓜分中国的狂潮则预示着清政府的外交已步入山穷水尽的绝境。After the German occupation of Jiaozhou Bay,the Qing Government,led by its strategic decision of“never dispatching troops”and trust derived from the signing of the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty,regarded Russia as a key ally in resolving the issue.Of.cials such as Li Hongzhang and Weng Tonghe thus made great efforts to gain support from Russia.However,Russia’s strategic decisions regarding this issue never considered its alliance with China.Based on its national interests,Russia initially decided to send a fleet of warships to the area and later withdrew the order.Soon after,when the Qing Government decided not to request Russian support after previous efforts proved fruitless,the Russian fleet arrived without invitation.Using the Sino-Russia alliance as a pretext,they came to occupy Lüshun and Dalian.The Qing government wanted to resist this attempt but was unable to do so.This suggests that the arrival of the Russian.eet had nothing to do with the Qing government’s attitude on the matter.It can be seen through relevant decisions from the Russian side that the Qing government was subject to humiliation and submission as a weak regime in diplomatic affairs with Russia for the Jiaozhou Bay Incident.It also exposed the naivety andignoranceof the Qing diplomatic officials of the time.The frenzy of Western powers carving up China after this incident indicated that Qing government diplomacy had already reached an impasse.

关 键 词：清政府 胶州湾事件 联俄 拒俄 

分 类 号：D829.512[政治法律—政治学] K252[政治法律—外交学]