正多杆变隙式油葵脱粒装置设计与试验  

Design and test of oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance

作　　者：张学军 马少腾 朱兴亮 袁盼盼 于蒙杰 刘宇 Zhang Xuejun;Ma Shaoteng;Zhu Xingliang;Yuan Panpan;Yu Mengjie;Liu Yu(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory,Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业工程装备创新设计实验室重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第4期26-33,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702104-3);新疆自治区高校科研计划创新团队(XJEDU2017T005);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目(XJAUGRI2019-014)。

摘　　要：目前已有的油葵脱粒装置无法适用不同条件下的油葵脱粒需求,该文针对油葵在脱粒过程中油葵脱净率较低、籽粒破损率较高等问题,设计了一种基于多杆机构的变隙式油葵脱粒装置。重点介绍了变隙式油葵脱粒装置的结构及工作原理,并对变隙式凹板筛结构的间隙调节机构与角度调节机构进行运动学分析、通过运动轨迹分析和求解,确定了变隙式凹板筛可变间隙为20~60 mm。试制了变隙式油葵脱粒装置试验台,以滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、喂入量作为试验因素,以脱净率、破损率为指标开展正交试验,确定较优作业参数组合。试验结果表明:在脱粒过程中,影响油葵脱净率和籽粒破损率的因素主次顺序为脱粒间隙、滚筒转速、喂入量,较优作业参数组合为脱粒间隙35 mm、滚筒转速280 r/min、喂入量1.8 kg/s。在较优作业参数组合下进行重复试验验证,结果表明,油葵的平均脱净率为99.01%,籽粒破损率为2.28%,满足油葵脱粒作业需求。该研究的较优作业参数适用于该文试验的物料条件,实际作业中需调整脱粒凹板筛的直径大小,进而改变脱粒间隙等工作参数以适应不同条件下的油葵脱粒需求。研究结果可为后续油葵脱粒装置的设计提供参考。The existing oil sunflower threshing device cannot meet the requirements of oil sunflower threshing under different conditions.Aiming at the problems of the low oil sunflower threshing rate and the high breaking rate during the threshing process,a threshing device of oil sunflower with variable clearance based on multi-bar mechanism is designed in this paper.The structure and the working principle of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance were introduced,and the mechanisms of kinematics of the clearance adjustment mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the structure of variable clearance concave screen were analyzed,the motion trajectory analysis and solution were performed to determine the structural parameters,the variable clearance range of the variable clearance concave sieve was 20-60 mm.A test bench of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance was developed.The threshing test was completed at the Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory of Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment.The test object was oil sunflower No.31 with the disk diameter of 180-220 mm and the disk thickness of 25-40 mm,the weight of single sunflower disk was 300-380 g,the moisture content of the sunflower disk was 33%-38%.The test was performed according to the GB/T5982-2017 thresher test method and the DB37/T2878.2-2016 technical requirements.The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was carried out,threshing rate and breaking rate were taken as the indexes and the cylinder speed,the threshing clearance as well as feed rate were the factors.The test results showed that during the threshing process,the factors that affect the oil sunflower threshing rate and breaking rate are threshing clearance,drum speed and feed rate.The optimal combination of operating parameters was that the threshing clearance 35 mm,the drum speed 280 r/min and the feed rate 1.8 kg/s.Through the analysis of variance,it was concluded that the threshing clearance had a very significant effect on th

关 键 词：农业机械 收获 试验 油葵 脱粒 间隙可调 多杆机构 

分 类 号：S226.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]