现代国家基础性的社会政治机制——基于国族的分析视角  

The Fundamental Social and Political Mechanism of the Modern State—Based on the Analytical Perspective of Nation-State

作　　者：周平[1,2] Zhou Ping

机构地区：[1]云南大学,昆明650091 [2]北京大学国家治理研究院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2020年第3期79-98,206,共21页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：今天以“民族”概念来指称的众多群体中,与国家结合在一起并具有国家形式的民族,即nation-state中的nation,因其突出的国家特征和意涵而被称为“国族”。国族,即一个国家的国民共同体。在长期的形成和发展过程中,国族应对具体社会政治问题而创制的有效方式沉淀为以人口国民化、国民整体化为基本内涵的一系列机制。这些机制对于现代国家、现代社会乃至现代文明的形成、巩固和发展都具有奠基性的意义。因此,国族也成为近代以来在世界范围内具有基础性影响的社会政治机制,从而也构成准确认知世界近代以来历史与现实的重要视角。在全球化不断推进的背景下,人口跨国流动的经常化、持续化和规模化的出现,带来了国家人口结构的变化。这一方面给国族机制提出了新的挑战,一方面也突显了国族建设在现代国家建设中的重要性。因此,全面揭示国族的本质进而对其形成准确的认知,就成为政治学及相关学科必须承担的一项重要任务。Among the numerous groups to which the concept of “nation” is applied today, the “nation” which is combined with the state and takes the form of the state, that is, the “nation” of the “nation-state,” is so called because of its outstanding national characteristics and implications. The nation is the national community of a country. In the long-term process of its formation and development, the effectiveness of the ways created by the nation to deal with specific social and political problems develops into a series of mechanisms which basically means that the population becomes national citizens and the national citizenry becomes integrated. These mechanisms have foundational significance for the formation, consolidation and development of a modern country, modern society and even modern civilization. Thus from the beginning of modern times, the nation-state has become a basic social and political mechanism with worldwide foundational influence. This constitutes an important perspective on an accurate understanding of the history and immediate reality of the world since modern times. In the context of increasing globalization, the emergence of frequent, sustained and large-scale transnational population flows has brought about changes in the nation-state’s population structure. On the one hand, it brings new challenges to nation-state mechanisms;on the other hand, it highlights the importance of construction of the nation-state in modern state construction. To fully reveal the nature of the nation-state and thus achieve an accurate understanding of it is thus an important task for political science and related disciplines.

关 键 词：国族 民族国家 人口国民化 国民整体化 社会政治机制 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]