海事搜救中的心理危机干预现状与展望——从生命救助到心理救助  

From Life Saving to Psychological Relief:Current Situation and Prospect of Psychological Crisis Intervention in Maritime Search and Rescue

作　　者：谌强[1] 于长江 黄磊 李志峰 杨林祥[1] 刘磊 CHEN Qiang;YU Changjiang;HUANG Lei;LI Zhifeng;YANG Linxiang;LIU Lei

机构地区：[1]海南海事局 [2]山东海事局 [3]东海救助局

出　　处：《中国应急救援》2020年第2期42-46,共5页China Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：为探明心理危机干预在我国海事搜救中的实践情况,在梳理相关国际公约、国内法律法规的基础上,对30名海事搜救工作人员进行访谈,对400名海事搜救人员进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷336份。结果表明:国际海事公约、国内海事搜救法律法规及预案未对心理危机干预做出要求,仅有2.1%的受访者对心理危机干预的认识达到非常熟悉的程度,83.8%的受访者认为有必要对遇险和获救人员进行心理危机干预,87.2%的受访者认为海事搜救人员自身同样需要心理危机干预,但仅有8.5%认为海事搜救人员中存在熟悉心理危机干预的人员。心理危机干预在我国海事搜救中尚未得到足够的重视及广泛应用,政府有关部门应加快推进其实践以提升海事搜救质量。In order to find out the current situation of psychological crisis intervention in China’s maritime search and rescue actions,based on international conventions and national laws and regulations,the author interviewed 30 maritime search and rescue workers,and collected 336 valid questionnaires out of 400 maritime search and rescue personnel.It shows that neither the international maritime conventions nor Chinese domestic maritime search and rescue laws and regulations and plans require psychological crisis intervention.It is found that 83.8%of the respondents believe that it is necessary to perform psychological crisis intervention for people in distress or those rescued,87.2%support psychological crisis intervention for maritime search and rescue personnel,but only 2.1%are very familiar with the psychological crisis intervention,and merely 8.5%believe that there are professional psychological crisis intervention personnel among them.Psychological crisis intervention has not been widely applied in domestic maritime search and rescue,which should draw government departments’attention to advance its practice for better maritime search and rescue.

关 键 词：心理危机干预 海事搜救 国际海事公约 态度 问卷调查 

分 类 号：U676.8[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] B845.67[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]