宋代策问中的科举  

The Question Referred to the Imperial Examination in the Cewen of Song Dynasty

作　　者：管琴[1] GUAN Qin(Journal of Peking University,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学学报(哲社版)编辑部,北京100871

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2020年第1期128-137,共10页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：试策是宋代科场上的重要文体,宋代试策承以唐制,应用广泛。宋代策问中涉及科举的部分,一般会提问历史上与本朝的科举学制、士风与人才、科场弊端、科目兴废等问题。北宋的科举之问一般篇幅较短,南宋则篇幅加长,内容更为丰富,在传统的发问之余,还出现了一些新的命题,如王十朋将前朝取士与政局翻覆结合起来的质疑,陈傅良关于恢复唐制的想法,周必大、朱熹、许应龙等在策问中对于词科的不同态度,以及程珌对书院的提问等新内容。浙东学者对科场的重要性有清晰的认识,而浙东地区在科举中取得的成功,对相关科场文章的撰写指导也形成了正面并且循环的刺激。浙东学者在科举之问上也投以一贯的关注,而在策问的制度沿革方面尤能体现其所擅长。As an important style of the imperial examinations of Song Dynasty,Shice(questions and answers in politics)inherited the formation of them in Tang Dynasty,and had a wide range of applications.In the content of imperial examinations in Cewen,the writers usually asked questions about educational system,trend of literati and talented people,the disadvantages of imperial examinations,the springing up and abrogation of the exact examination subject,and so on.The lengths of Cewen in Northern Song Dynasty are generally short,and they tended to be longer in Southern Song Dynasty.The content became more abundant,besides the traditional questions,there existed some new questions,such as combination the imperial examination and the destruction of Northern Song which was asked by Wang Shipeng.A few of persons such as Zhou Bida,Zhu Xi,Xu Yinglong showed different attitudes to the Cike imperial examination(for the selection of imperial edict drafters).Cheng Bi asked new questions about Shuyuan(academy of classical learning).The scholars in Zhedong had a clear understanding of the importance of imperial examinations,and the success of Zhedong district promoted the interrelated guide articles for the imperial examinations.Scholars in Zhedong district threw a lot of intension of the question referred to the imperial examination,and the scholars were absolutely skilled in the content of institutional evolutions.

关 键 词：策问 宋代 科举 试策 

分 类 号：I207.62[文学—中国文学]