幼儿体质影响因素的决策树研究  

Influence Factors of Physical Fitness in Preschool Children:A Decision Tree Analysis

作　　者：赵广高[1] 吕文娣[1] 付近梅 孙顺利 胡吴进[3] 牟顶红[3] 陈晶[1] 黄婷[1] 何梓豪 肖稳 ZHAO Guanggao;LVWendi;FU Jinmei;SUN Shunli;HU Wujin;MU Dinghong;CHEN Jing;HUANG Ting;HE Zihao;XIAO Wen(Nanchang University,School of Physical Education,Nanchang 330031,China;Institute of Sports Science of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330006,China;East China University of Technology,School of Physical Education,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学体育学院,江西南昌330031 [2]江西省体育科学研究所,江西南昌330006 [3]东华理工大学体育学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第2期32-39,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC890060);江西省社会科学规划青年博士基金项目(16BJ20);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2018-S028)。

摘　　要：目的:基于决策树模型探讨幼儿体质的影响因素及其交互关系。方法:募集学龄前儿童4621名(36~83月龄)。参照《国民体质测定标准手册(幼儿部分)》进行体质测试与综合评级(合格、不合格);问卷调查幼儿出生信息、育儿方式、静坐与身体活动、膳食营养、睡眠、父母情况6个一级指标下分的59个二级指标变量信息;采用IBM SPSS modeler创建CHAID决策树模型。结果:幼儿体质的重要影响因素排序依次为周末身体活动(PA)、周末静坐行为(SB)、性别、周末中-大强度身体活动(MVPA)、上学日PA、钙、上学日SB。决策树模型显示,根节点变量周末PA“>3 h/天”(95.35%)的幼儿体质合格率与“1~3 h/天”(91.43%)、“≤0.5 h/天”(85.43%)相比具有非常显著性差异(P=0.000)。周末PA“>3 h/天”的第2、3层叶节点变量分别为周末SB、上学日PA,“1~3 h/天”“≤0.5 h/天”的第2层叶节点变量均为性别。其中,“1~3 h/天”的3~5层叶节点变量包括周末与上学日MVPA、上学日SB、钙等。结论:周末PA是影响幼儿体质的最关键因素。幼儿周末PA应超过3 h/天的国际推荐量标准,并在此基础上减少周末SB时间、增加上学日PA时间。身体活动与静坐行为、性别、钙摄入等对不同层次类型幼儿的体质促进具有决策意义。To explore the influence factors of physical fitness and their interactions in preschool children based on decision tree model.4621 preschool children(36~83 months)were recruited in this study,the physical fitness level was measured and graded(qualified and unqualified)according to the Handbook of National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards(Preschool Children Part).Retrospective questionnaire was used to collect the data of birth information,rearing pattern,sedentary behavior(SB)and physical activity(PA),dietary nutrition,sleeping mode,and parents’information,the questionnaires were completed by the parents/legal guardians.The model of CHAID decision tree was established by using IBM SPSS modeler.The major factors influencing physical fitness of preschool children were as follows:PA at weekends,SB at weekends,gender,moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)at weekends,PA at school days,calcium intake,SB at school days.At the root node of the decision tree,the qualification rate of physical fitness in preschool children with PA“>3 h/d”(95.35%)was significantly different from the children with“1~3 h/d”(91.43%)and“≤0.5 h/d”(85.43%)(P=0.000).The level 2 and 3 leaf nodes of PA“>3 h/d”were SB at weekends and PA at school days,respectively.The level 2 leaf nodes of“1~3h/d”and“≤0.5h/d”were both gender.The variables of level 3 to 5 leaf nodes of“1~3 h/d”were MVPA at weekends,MVPA at school days,SB at school days,calcium,etc.PA at weekends is the most important factor benefiting physical fitness in preschool children.PA at weekends is recommended to exceed the Physical Activity Recommendations(3 h/d)for preschool children,and they should reduce the SB at weekends and increase PA at school days.PA and SB,gender,and calcium intake are all important factors in promoting physical fitness for preschool children.

关 键 词：决策树 幼儿 体质 身体活动 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]