发酵树叶及其在鸡生产应用的研究进展  

Research Progress in Fermented Tree Leaves and Its Application in Chicken Production

作　　者：崔艺燕 田志梅 邓盾 刘志昌 容庭 李家洲 马现永 陈卫东 CUI Yiyan;TIAN Zhimei;DENG Dun;LIU Zhichang;RONG Ting;LI Jiazhou;MA Xianyong;CHEN Weidong(Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding/Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China)of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition/Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/畜禽育种国家重点实验室/农业部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室/广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室/广东畜禽肉品质量安全控制与评定工程技术研究中心,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第1期123-130,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(2018LM2153);广东省现代农业产业技术体系饲料产业创新团队项目(2019KJ115);广东省农业科学院人才项目(201803);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0501210)。

摘　　要：我国树木资源丰富多样,但未充分开发利用。树叶的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量较高,黄酮和酚类物质含量丰富,但部分树叶含有单宁、植酸等抗营养因子。通过微生物发酵延长树叶使用时间、降解抗营养因子,转化难吸收的营养物质,将树叶改变为适口性好、无毒低毒、营养价值高的生物饲料,是绿色的饲料化技术方向之一。发酵树叶种类主要有银杏叶、辣木叶、桑叶等,使用的菌种主要是乳酸菌、霉菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母。研究表明,发酵后树叶保存时间延长,粗蛋白质含量提高,品质较好。发酵树叶黄酮、氨基酸、还原糖、多酚等活性物质含量较高,具有抗氧化活性。发酵树叶应用于鸡生产,可提高动物抗氧化能力,促进机体健康,改善肠道健康,提高生产性能及产品品质。发酵树叶用于饲养动物有利于资源循环,降低生产成本,解决环境污染等问题。Tree resources are rich and diverse in China,but they has not been fully developed and utilized.The contents of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in tree leaves are high,as well as the contents of flavonoids and phenols.However,some leaves contain anti-nutritional factors such as tannin and phytic acid.Microbial fermentation prolongs the use of leaves,degrades anti-nutritional factors,and transforms nutrients that are difficult to be absorbed.It is one of the green feed processing technologies that can change the leaves into biological feed with good palatability,non-toxicity,low toxicity and high nutritional value.At present,the main types of fermented leaves are ginkgo leaves,moringa leaves,and mulberry leaves.The strains used are mainly lactic acid bacteria,mould,bacillus and yeast.After fermentation,the preservation time of the leaves is prolonged,the crude protein content is improved,and the quality is better.Fermented leaves have higher contents of flavonoids,amino acids,reducing sugars,polyphenols and other active substances,which have strong antioxidant activity.The application of fermented leaves in chicken production can improve the antioxidant capacity of animals,promote body and intestinal health,and improve growth performance and production quality.Fermented tree leaves used for feeding animals are beneficial for resource recycling,which reduce production costs and solve environmental pollution.

关 键 词：木本饲料 树叶 微生物 发酵 鸡 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]