中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站塔群平台的功能和应用  

Functions and applications of Multi-Tower Platform of Qingyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences

作　　者：高添[1,2,3,4,5,6] 于立忠 于丰源[1,2,3,4,5,6] 王兴昌 杨凯 卢德亮 李秀芬[3,8] 闫巧玲[1,2,3,4,5,6] 孙一荣 刘利芳 徐爽 甄晓杰[3,9] 倪震东张金鑫[1] 王高峰 魏晓华[1,2,11] 周新华 朱教君[1,2,3,4,5,6] GAO Tian;YU Li-zhong;YU Fengyuan;WANG Xing-chang;YANG Kai;LU De-liang;LI Xiu-fen;YAN Qiao-ling;SUN Yi-rong;LIU Li-fang;XU Shuang;ZHEN Xiao-jie;NI Zhen-dong;ZHANG Jin-xin;WANG Gao-feng;WEI Xiao-hua;ZHOU Xin-hua;ZHU Jiao-jun(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Shenyang 110016,China;Qingyuan Forest CERN,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;CAS-CSI(Campbell Scientific Inc.)Joint Laboratory of Research and Development for Monitoring Forest Fluxes of Trace Gases and Isotope Elements,Shenyang 110016,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Shenyang 110016,China;Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-commercial Forest,Shenyang 110016,China;Sino-USA Joint Laboratory of Silviculture and Ecology,Shenyang 110016,China;Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Beijing Techno Solutions Ltd.,Beijing 100089,China;Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation,Clemson University,Clemson,SC 29634,USA;Earth&Environmental Sciences and Physical Geography,University of British Columbia(Okanagan campus),Kelowna V1V1V7,British Columbia,Canada;Campbell Scientific Inc.,Logan,UT 84321,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站,沈阳110016 [3]科尔森林痕量气体与同位素通量监测研发联合实验室,沈阳110016 [4]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [5]辽宁省生态公益林经营管理重点实验室,沈阳110016 [6]中美森林培育与生态联合实验室,沈阳110016 [7]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [8]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110866 [9]北京天诺基业科技有限公司,北京100089 [10]Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation,Clemson University,Clemson,SC 29634,USA [11]Earth&Environmental Sciences and Physical Geography,University of British Columbia(Okanagan campus),Kelowna V1V1V7,British Columbia,Canada [12]Campbell Scientific Inc.,Logan,UT 84321,USA

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第3期695-705,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目(KFJ-SW-YW006)资助。

摘　　要：森林生态系统结构与生态服务功能关系是森林生态学和林学的永恒研究主题。受传统森林调查方法及技术手段的限制,对复杂地形下森林生态系统结构和功能的监测及二者关系的研究面临诸多挑战。在中国科学院野外站网络重点科技基础设施建设项目的支持下,中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站在独立流域内建成了以观测塔群(三座观测塔覆盖各自子流域代表性森林类型)为主体,集激光雷达(LiDAR)、通量仪器、水文站网、固定标准地和数据中心为综合体的"次生林生态系统塔群激光雷达监测平台"(简称塔群平台)。塔群平台采用激光雷达扫描获取森林点云数据,描述森林生态系统的全息三维结构;依托独立流域/子流域内的通量监测系统、水文监测站网和通量源区内的长期固定标准地,可保证碳-水过程观测的可靠性,并用于验证复杂地形下的通量监测技术与方法,揭示森林生态水文与碳交换过程,准确估算森林生态系统主体生态服务功能(水源涵养和固碳)。所有"塔-站"数据通过无线网络实时汇集于数据中心,便于数据监视、管理与共享。此外,塔群平台将侧重研究森林生态系统结构量化的新方法和新指标,探索复杂地形森林生态系统中H2O/CO2/痕量气体通量观测的理论与方法,为阐明森林结构与功能的关系、服务于森林生态系统管理提供基础数据。The relationship between the structure and function of forest ecosystems is the main intere-sts in the research area of forest ecology and management.However,over complex terrains in particular,these studies had been challenged as uneasy tasks due to the limitations in the forest survey and measurement techniques and other supporting technologies.Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)funded"Multi-Tower LiDAR/ECFlux Platform for Monitoring the Structure and Function of Secondary Forest Ecosystems"(Multi-Tower Platform,MTP)as a field station network corner-stone research infrastructure project,which was completed by Qingyuan Forest CERN(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network).In a distinctively-bounded and monitored-outlet watershed,the MTP was integrated by light detection and ranging(LiDAR)scanners,eddy covariance(EC)flux instrument systems,whole-and sub-watershed hydrology station network,long-term forest plot arrays,and live data center.Using LiDAR scanning,the MTP can get cloud data for holographic information on canopy structure.The EC-flux instrument system and hydrology station network along with forest plot arrays could ensure the reliability of water and carbon observations over this complex terrain,which allows to verify the studies on flux measurement technologies and methods,as well as to understand the processes of ecohydrology and CO2 exchange between forest ecosystem and the atmosphere.Further,we can also assess the primary ecosystem services,including water conservation and carbon sequestration.All the data from"tower-station"were streamed through wireless network,which would facilitate data monitoring,management,and sharing.There are three tasks of MTP team:1)defining innovative methods and descriptors to quantify three-dimensional forest structure;2)developing theories and techniques to measure CO2/H2O fluxes and other trace gases over complex terrains;3)understanding the relationship between structure and function of forest ecosystems,providing information and rationales for forest management practices to

关 键 词：集成观测 激光雷达 涡度相关 水文站网 地面验证 数据中心 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]