玉米醇溶蛋白组分的分级及表征  

Grading and Characterization of Zein Components

作　　者：陈改亭 杜徐楠 胡猛 高志明[1,2] 崔绍华 汤虎 方亚鹏[1,2] CHEN Gaiting;DU Xunan;HU Meng;GAO Zhiming;CUI Shaohua;TANG Hu;FANG Yapeng(Glyn O.Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation,Wuhan 430068,China;Wewow Nutrition and Health Center,Wewow Health Company,Guangzhou 510623,China;Institute of Oil Crops Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学,菲利普斯亲水胶体研究中心,湖北武汉430068 [2]工业发酵湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430068 [3]维乐维健康产业有限公司,维乐维营养与健康研究中心,广东广州510623 [4]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《食品科技》2020年第2期296-302,共7页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2017CFB600)。

摘　　要：根据玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)组分在不同的异丙醇浓度、盐浓度、pH下溶解度的差异,从玉米中成功分离出α–zein,β–zein,γ–zein 3种组分,并对其提取率、相对分子质量、氨基酸组成、二级结构及界面特性进行表征。结果表明:α-zein的疏水性氨基酸含量最高,占比为54.3%;其次是γ-zein为47.1%;β-zein最低,疏水性氨基酸含量为38.2%。α-zein具有高含量α-螺旋结构,低含量的β-折叠结构;β-zein具有高含量β-折叠结构,低含量α-螺旋结构;γ-zein具有较高含量的β-转角结构。利用LB膜天平表征zein不同组分在空气-纯水界面的吸附行为,发现α-zein在空气-纯水界面平均分子所占面积最高,β-zein所占面积最低;α-zein形成的单分子层发生从液态扩张相到液态凝聚相的转变点最大,β-zein的相转变点最小。通过AFM表征zein不同组分在空气-纯水界面的形貌,发现α-zein以颗粒形态存在,β-zein呈紧密的网络结构,γ-zein形成类似蠕虫状的结构。研究能为玉米醇溶蛋白组分的应用研究提供理论依据。The α-zein,β-zein and γ-zein were successfully separated from corn,according to the difference of solubility of zein components in different alcohol concentration,salt concentration and pH,and their extraction rate,molecular weight,amino acid composition,secondary structure and interfacial properties were characterized.The results showed that the hydrophobic amino acid content of α-zein was the highest,accounting for 54.3%,followed by 47.1% of γ-zein.β-zein was the lowest,and hydrophobic amino acid content was 38.2%.α-zein had high content of α-helical structure and low content of β-sheet structure;β-zein had high content of β-sheet structure and low content of α-helix structure;γ-zein had high content of β-turn structure.By using LB membrane balance and AFM,it was discovered that α-zein had the highest average molecular area at the air-pure water interface and existed in the form of particles;β-zein had the smallest phase transition point and tight network structure;γ-zein formed worm-like structure,This study can provide theoretical basis for the application of zein components.

关 键 词：玉米醇溶蛋白 组分 结构 界面 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]