《论语》天命观之归宿  

Views of Destiny in The Analects of Confucius

作　　者：刘斌 吕志杰 LIU Bin;LU Zhijie(College of Marxism, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学马克思主义学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中北大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期65-69,共5页Journal of North University of China：Social Science Edition

基　　金：山西省社科联2018年度重点课题:中国传统文化思想探源。

摘　　要：“天”在《论语》中有三层意义:主宰意义的天、宿命意义的天、自然现象的天;“命”在《论语》中有三层含义:生命意义的命、言辞意义的命、宿命意义的命。基于此,“天命”在《论语》中的应用传达出的倾向有两种:一是敬畏之情;二是上天之命是不可抗拒。“知天命”是先儒们对上天意志的把握,是人积极发挥自己的能动作用可达到的效果。“知不可为而为之”实则是强调知天命而为之,“为之”是在尊崇天命的基础上积极做自己能做的,并不是“违之”。先儒们在积极践行自己的道德标准的时候能心生愉悦,不怨天尤人。乐天知命是《论语》所反映出的天命观的最终归宿,乐天知命包含着遵天命而又不失自由的内涵。“Heaven”in The Analects of Confucius can be understood as an aspect of heaven that dominates everything,an aspect of heaven that decides people’s destiny,and an aspect of heaven as a natural phenomenon.“Destiny”in The Analects of Confucius can be understood from the perspectives of life,language and fate.In this light,the“will of heaven”tends to be reflected as either a feeling hold in awe and veneration or a will that cannot be resisted.“Knowing the will of heaven”is a description of Confucians’active attitudes toward the will of heaven,and“To do something even though you know it is impossible”highlights the adherence to the will of heaven rather than the violation of the will of heaven.Confucians of the past practiced with highest moral standards,and never murmured against Heaven and blame other people.“Knowing the will of heaven”denotes both obeying the will of heaven and playing an active role,being the ultimate view of destiny of The Analects of Confucius.

关 键 词：“天” “命” “天命” 乐天知命 《论语》 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]