非饱和煤矸石淋滤仪改进及应用  

Improvement and Application of Unsaturated Coal Gangue Leaching Instrument

作　　者：王念秦[1,2] 鲁兴生 苏颜曦 WANG Nian-qin;LU Xing-sheng;SU Yan-xi(College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Security for Coal Green Development,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,西安710054 [2]陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第7期2934-2938,共5页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41702377);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTCL03-19)。

摘　　要：为提升非饱和煤矸石室内淋滤试验的可靠性与准确性,对传统非饱和煤矸石淋滤仪的降雨模拟系统进行改良,实现了随机降雨路径的模拟,并增大了煤矸石有效淋滤体积。同时,以韩城桑树坪煤矿煤矸石为研究对象,揭示了不同降雨强度和风化程度组合条件下煤矸石淋滤特征,得到试验结果:①淋滤液电导率σ及SO^2-4浓度c均随淋滤时间呈整体下降趋势,且可划分为快速下降和缓降趋稳两个阶段;②采用指数型函数、傅里叶函数及幂函数对不同试验条件下σ-t和c-t关系曲线进行拟合,拟合函数R^2=0.87~1.00;③167 mm/h降雨强度下,淋滤液电导率及SO^2-4浓度对风化程度的敏感性指数最大,分别为3.14和7.64;④相较其他条件下淋滤液电导率及SO^2-4浓度,83 mm/h降雨强度和风化3 a矸石条件下淋滤液σ和c更高。分析得到三点结论:①煤矸石可溶元素释放量主要呈指数型函数衰减,并在试验进行3~5 h后趋于稳定;②风化程度为影响煤矸石可溶元素释放能力的主控因素;③较小的降雨强度和较高的风化程度有利于煤矸石元素持续淋滤释放。To raise reliability and accuracy of laboratory experiments on unsaturated coal gangue leaching,the rainfall simulation system of traditional unsaturated coal gangue leaching instrument was improved.Thus,the simulation of random rainfall path was achieved,and the volume of coal gangue that can be leached effectively increased accordingly.Meanwhile,the coal gangue in Sangshuping coal mine,Hancheng City,were selected as study objects,and the characteristics of coal gangue leaching under various rainfall intensity conditions and weathering degree conditions were revealed.The results showed that:①The values of electrical conductivityσand SO^2-4concentration c of leachate decreased with time.And the process can be divided into quickly falling stage and slowly falling-stabilizing stage.②Exponential functions,Fourier functions and power functions were employed to fit the relation curves ofσ-t and c-t under different experimental conditions,and the R^2 of fitting functions were 0.87~1.00.③With the rainfall intensity of 167 mm/h,the values ofσand c of leachate had the highest sensitivity index to weathering degree,namely 3.14 and 7.64.④Compared with the other conditions,the combine condition of rainfall intensity of 83 mm/h and coal gangue with triennial weathering could produce higher values ofσand c of leachate.Finally,three conclusions were obtained,including:①The extraction quantity of coal gangue elements,which tended to be stable in 3~5 h after the start of experiment,mainly decreased as the exponential function form.②Weathering degree was the main control factor that affected the extraction quantity of coal gangue elements.③A smaller rainfall intensity or a higher weathering degree was beneficial to consistent extraction of coal gangue elements.

关 键 词：煤矸石 淋滤试验 电导率 SO^2-4浓度 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]