草地螟幼虫和蛹的形态特征及雌雄鉴别方法  

Methods for identification of the morphological character and sex of Loxostege sticticalis larvae and pupae(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)

作　　者：胡敏 程云霞[2] 张蕾[2] 罗礼智[2] 季荣 江幸福[2] HU Min;CHENG Yunxia;ZHANG Lei;LUO Lizhi;JI Rong;JIANG Xingfu(College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, International Research Center of Cross-Border Pest Management in Central Asia, Key Laboratory of Conservation and Management of Species Diversity in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830054, China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,中亚区域跨境有害生物联合控制国际研究中心,新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第2期181-185,192,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201700);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22);国家自然科学基金(31260103,31672019,31871951)。

摘　　要：草地螟雌、雄成虫的形态特征及鉴别方法在室内研究及种群测报中已经广泛应用,但幼虫及蛹的形态特征及雌雄的鉴别方法目前尚没有报道。本文借助超景深三维显微系统,观察不同龄期草地螟幼虫的形态特征、5龄幼虫性别特征以及雌、雄蛹的区别,以期为草地螟幼虫和蛹的形态识别和性别鉴定提供科学分类依据。研究表明:1)初孵幼虫体色为淡黄色,随着龄期增大,体色逐渐加深,至末龄为灰黑色或黑色,3龄出现白斑和体侧纵带,5龄体背出现2条鲜黄色或黄白色背线;2)雄幼虫第5腹节背管两侧有一对精巢,呈白色半透明橘瓣状,3片精小囊隔膜将精巢分为4个小腔室,预蛹期2个精巢逐渐靠拢、融合并发生扭转,蛹期完全融合成为一个不可剥离的圆球体,直至生命结束;雌幼虫卵巢没有明显分化;3)雌蛹腹部8~10节分节不明显,第8腹节中央的生殖孔和第9腹节的产卵孔连接组成一纵裂缝,裂缝两侧平坦,裂缝下端与排泄孔上端距离较远,为(0.48±0.005)mm,腹部末端钝圆;雄蛹腹部8~10节分节明显,第8腹节无纵裂缝,第9腹节的生殖孔呈一纵裂缝与第10腹节相连,裂缝两侧各有一个半圆形瘤状突起,裂缝下端与排泄孔上端距离较近,为(0.24±0.005)mm,腹部末端较尖。Morphological characteristics and identification methods of Loxostege sticticalis male and female adults have been widely used in laboratory studies and population measurement,while the morphological characteristics and identification methods of larvae and pupae have not been reported yet.In this study,to provide scientific classification basis for the morphological identification of larvae and sex identification of pupae,super-high magnification lens zoom 3D microscope was used to observe the morphological and sexual characteristics of different instars of Loxostege sticticalis larvae,as well as the differences between male and female pupae.The results showed that 1st instar larvae body color is light yellow,as age increases,body color deepens gradually,at 5th instar,the color is grayish black or black.White spots and bands appears at 3rd instar,two bright yellow or yellowish-white lines appear on the back at 5th instar.There is a pair of white,kidney-shaped testicular on both sides of the dorsal tube of the 5th abdominal segment of male larvae,and 3 follicle lamina divide testis into 4 follicle.There is no obvious differentiation of ovary in female larvae.In female pupae,the two seams of the 8th to the 10th segments are not obvious,a longitudinal crack from gonopore in the middle of the 8th abdominal segment to oviposition hole in 9th abdominal segment.Both sides of the crack are flat.The distance from the margin of the oviposition hole to the anus is(0.48±0.005)mm.In male pupae,the two seams of the 8th to the 10th segments are obvious,there is no crack on the 8th abdominal segment but a longitudinal gonopore crack from the middle of 9th abdominal segment to the 10th abdominal segment.There are 2 visible lumps on both sides of the crack,respectively.The distance from the margin of the gonopore hole to the anus is(0.24±0.005)mm.

关 键 词：草地螟 幼虫 蛹 形态特征 性别鉴定 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]