万物有灵论视角:捕食作为行为和感知的模式  

From the Perspective of Animism Totemism:as the Pattern of Action and Perception--Predation

作　　者：弗雷德里克·凯克 王希言 Frédéric Keck;WANG Xi yan(Centre Netional de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS),Paris,France; cole des Hautes tudes en Sciences Sociales(EHESS),Paris,France)

机构地区：[1]法国国家科研中心(CNRS),巴黎 [2]法国社会科学高等研究院(EHESS),巴黎

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2020年第2期42-48,共7页Journal of Ethnic Culture

摘　　要：《超越自然与文化》(Par delànature et culture)一书提出了一个颇具高度的人类学理论,菲利普·德斯科拉(Philippe Descola)重新审视了一度被当代人类学视作不变式的自然与文化的二元分离,并质疑其普世性。如果我们意图理解,在不同的世界观中,对于人类和非人类的关系的构想是全然不同的,我们必须取径他所提出的介于内在性(intériorités)和物质性(physicalités)的概念区分。4种认同模式由此出现:万物有灵论(animisme),图腾制度(totémisme),类比主义(analogisme)以及自然主义(naturalisme)。现代人类学的社会至上论,假设社会的形成是建立在文化和自然的分离基础之上,围绕着对于本体论的探寻,即对于一切存在物的认同模式。而这些存在物之间的关系随之成为另一种探寻的对象,它令我们得以追溯群体如何形成。在这篇文章中,我们致力于重新探讨一个问题,这个问题使得群体的建立成为必然,并重新审视一种改变我们思维模式的特殊关系模式,即在万物有灵论的社会中占据着主导地位的:捕食(Prédation)。In the book of Beyond Nature and Culture(Par delànature et culture),the author puts for ward a recondite anthropological theory imbued with expertise.Philippe Descola re-examines the bi nary separation of nature and culture once regarded as invariant by contemporary anthropology and questions its universality.Based on the people’s understanding,the conceptions of the relationship between human and non-human is completely different in various world outlooks,and it is necessary to take cues from conceptual distinction between interiority(intériorités)and physicality(physicalités)proposed by Philippe Descola.As a consequence,four modes of identification take shape correspond ingly:animism(animisme),totemism(totémisme),analogism(analogisme),and naturalism(natural isme).The theory of social supremacy in modern anthropology assumes that the formation of society is based on the separation of culture and nature.In the current paper,the author focuses on the issue that leads to the establishment of groups and the change of human’s thought pattern,which is called predation that plays the central role in the society.

关 键 词：本体论 万物有灵论 图腾制度 类此主义 自然主义 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]