高校扩招对区域创新能力的影响:机制与实证  

Impact of college enrollment expansion on regional innovation capability: The mechanism and an empirical analysis

作　　者：石大千 张琴 刘建江[3] Shi Daqian;Zhang Qin;Liu Jianjiang(Institute of Quality Development Strategy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China;Experimental Teaching Center,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China;School of Economics and Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学质量发展战略研究院,湖北武汉430072 [2]湖北经济学院实验教学中心,湖北武汉430205 [3]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《科研管理》2020年第3期83-90,共8页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:“高房价抑制制造业转型升级的机理及对策研究”(17BJL006,2017.07-2021.12);教育部人文社科基金青年项目:“风险投资与高技术企业技术创新三阶段关系研究”(17YJC630207,2017.07-2020.06);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:“发达国家再工业化对中国制造业转型升级的影响及对策研究”(17JZD022,2017.12-2021.12)。

摘　　要：本文基于省级面板数据运用准倍差法实证检验了高校扩招政策对创新能力的影响。本文结论表明,在控制其他因素之后,扩招后教育数量扩张提高了创新能力44.22%,教育质量变化提升了创新能力1.12%.教育数量与教育质量之间存在交互影响,且教育质量提高促进创新的边际效应较教育数量大。机制验证表明,人力资本提升是扩招(教育数量和教育质量)促进创新的主要途径,且教育质量提升人力资本的作用较教育数量作用大。本文从创新角度评估高校扩招政策的影响,为进一步推进高校扩招政策,提升人力资本提供了直接政策指导。Since 1999, the expansion of colleges enrolment has had a profound impact on the economy and society. Most of the previous literature focused on the impact of the expansion of colleges enrolment on the labor market, lacking of research on the impact of macro-economy, especially on the impact of regional innovation ability. Most of the research on education shows that the expansion of university enrollment in a short period of time improves the level of regional human capital, which will have an long time impact on innovation. Based on this assumption, this paper uses the difference-in-differences(DID) method to test the impact of the enrollment expansion policy on the innovation ability based on quasi nature experiment by using the provincial panel data in 1990-2013. Specifically, by multiplying the number of enrollment expansion in each province over the years with the policy dummy variables before and after enrollment expansion, a continuous DID model is constructed to evaluate the effect of enrollment expansion policies on regional innovation ability. In order to further analyze the educational quantity effect and educational quality effect caused by college enrollment expansion, we replace the processing intensity of college enrollment expansion with educational quantity and educational quality respectively. Among them, the quantity of education is measured by the number of new college students every year, and the quality of education is measured by the ratio of teachers to students. By comparing the two functions, we can identify the impact of college enrollment expansion on the quantity and quality of education.The conclusion of this paper shows that after controlling other factors, the expansion of education quantity increases the innovation ability by 44.22%, and the change of education quality increases the innovation ability by 1.12%. There is interaction effect between education quantity and education quality, and the marginal effect of improving education quality to promote innovation is greater than

关 键 词：扩招 教育数量 教育质量 创新能力 准倍差法 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学]