抗战前江苏省保甲推行中的农民心态与政府应对  

Peasants’Mentality and Government’s Countermeasures in the Implementation of Baojia System in Jiangsu Province before the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：杨红运[1] YANG Hong-yun(School of Marxism,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300020,China)

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学马克思主义学院,天津300204

出　　处：《安徽史学》2020年第2期92-102,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：天津市哲学社科规划高校思想政治理论课专项“微时代‘纲要’课教学中‘四个选择’的讲述策略研究”(TJSZZX17—030);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(北京外国语大学)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：抗战前江苏省保甲推行中,农民对保甲制度的心态主要表现为疑惧、变通、敷衍和紧张。为此,江苏省政府采取的主要应对措施有:一是通过政府机关、教育团体和士绅等向农民宣传办理保甲是为了“团结好人,清除坏人”;二是推动县长下乡督导保甲的编查;三是通过多种场合关注和优待年长乡镇保甲长;四是宣传报道保甲奖惩的事例。这些应对措施增强了农民对保甲制度的认知,促进了农民民族国家意识的成长,提高了国家的社会动员能力和资源汲取能力。然而,上述措施无力解决农民的生存和尊严问题,反而助长了绅权政治的固化,加剧了农民对政府的疏离感。通过抗战前江苏省保甲推行中的农民心态与政府应对的研究,有助于呈现20世纪上半期中国国家与乡村关系的多面性。In the implementation of Baojia System in Jiangsu Province before the Anti-Japanese war,peasants’main mentality towards Baojia System was fearful,flexible,perfunctory and tense.In view of this,the main countermeasures adopted by the Jiangsu Provincial Government are as follows:first,the government agencies,educational groups,and gentry have advocated the peasants to understand that implementation of Baojia System is to“unite good people and eliminate bad people”;the second is to promote the county magistrate to supervise and inspect Baojia System.The third is to pay attention to and give preference to old Township and Baojia chiefs through various occasions;fourthly,to publicize and report cases of rewards and punishments for Baojia System.These countermeasures have enhanced peasants’understanding of the Baojia system,promoted the growth of the peasants’national consciousness,and improved the country’s ability to mobilize society and absorb resources.However,the above measures cannot solve the problems of peasants’survival and dignity,on the contrary,they have contributed to the solidification of the gentry politics and the alienation of peasants from the government.Through the study of the peasant mentality and government’s countermeasure in the implementation of Baojia System in Jiangsu Province before the Anti-Japanese War,it is helpful to reveal the multifaceted relationship between the state and the countryside in the first half of the 20th century.

关 键 词：江苏省 保甲 农民 政府应对 

分 类 号：K263[历史地理—历史学]