前瞻记忆意向后效应的加工机制:来自眼动的证据  

The Underlying Processing Mechanism of the Aftereffects on Prospective Memory:Evidence from Eye Movements

作　　者：辛聪 张曼曼 郭盈秀 郭云飞 陈幼贞 XIN Cong;ZHANG Manman;GUO Yingxiu;GUO Yunfei;CHEN Youzhen(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117;Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117 [2]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2020年第2期138-145,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划国家一般项目“学业不良生前瞻记忆两种成分的影响因素、机制与提升策略”(BBA180082)。

摘　　要：基于重复前瞻记忆目标范式和视觉搜索范式,采用多种类型刺激呈现的眼动测量方式考察前瞻记忆意向后效应的加工机制。研究采用2(条件)×5(刺激类型)的混合实验设计,显著条件下前瞻记忆目标为红色,非显著条件下前瞻记忆目标和其他字母的颜色均为白色,背景为黑色。结果显示,显著和非显著条件下前瞻记忆完成阶段中对原前瞻记忆目标的反应时慢于控制条件,而且前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之后的反应时慢于进行中任务目标之前的刺激类型。另外,非显著条件下,前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之前和之后的眼动数据没有差异;显著条件下的注视点数量多于控制条件,前瞻记忆目标在进行中任务目标之后的注视点数量多于进行中任务目标之前的刺激类型。结果说明,前瞻记忆任务完成以后,在随后的阶段中遇到原前瞻记忆目标时被试会投入认知资源对其进行抑制,支持抑制加工。Prospective memory(PM)is the ability of remembering to perform an intended action in the future.The aftereffects of prospective memory is defined as the phenomenon that the completed intention has an influence on the performance of the ongoing task.Based on the repeated prospective memory target paradigm and visual search paradigm,the current study embedded a prospective memory task in a visual search task in which multi-targets would be presented in the display.A 2(condition)×5(trial type)mixed factorial design was adopted.In the salient condition,the PM target appeared in red font against a black background screen.In the non-salient condition,PM targets were presented in a white font against background.The results show that the reaction time of original PM target in the salient and non-salient conditions was slower than the control condition during the finished-PM phase,and the PM target being in front of the OT target was slower than the PM target being behind the OT target.In addition,the percentage of commission errors was low in all conditions.The eye movement data showed that there was no significant difference between the PM target being in front of the OT target and the PM target being behind the OT target in the non-salient condition;The quantity of fixations in the salient condition were more than the control condition,and the quantity of fixations in the PM target being in front of OT target were more than the PM target being behind the OT target.In addition,both the first and total fixation durations were no significant difference across different conditions and trail types.In sum,the results suggest participants would allocate cognitive resources to suppress the original PM target during the finished-PM phase,supporting the inhibition processing.

关 键 词：前瞻记忆意向后效应 自动化加工 控制加工 抑制加工 眼动 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]