《汉书》关于刘贺帝位被废原因的真实性考察  

An Investigation into the Authenticity of the Records about the Causes of Liu He’s Losing His Throne in Han Shu(汉书)

作　　者：何丹[1] He Dan

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2020年第1期34-45,共12页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“两周丧礼的居丧与埋葬”(18CZS005);国家社科基金重大项目“海昏侯墓考古发掘与历史文化资料整理研究”(16@ZH022)之子课题“海昏侯国历史文化资源保护与开发利用研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：通过重读《汉书》,对比刘贺先王后帝的表现和其他不守丧礼的结果,可知他在奔丧和典丧过程中所表现的诸多违礼行为,正是他一贯不修个人品行、不好治国之道的体现。而且惩治"不孝无礼"乃是先王们的惯有做法,故而《汉书》的相关记载真实可靠,对此海昏侯墓存在诸多与之相合的信息,亦为其证。至于随葬的儒家经典,反映的只是当时尊孔崇儒的社会风气。刘贺帝位的被废,就是在于他"荒淫迷惑,失帝王礼谊,乱汉制度",而不是霍光因私废公,更不是班固刻意丑化,由此可观丧礼对于西汉社会的重要性。By rereading Han shu, comparing the performance of the emperors before or after Liu He and considering Liu He’s other unruly funeral rites, we know that many of his unrital acts in the process of mourning rites precisely manifest that Liu He had never cultivated personal conduct and was not good at governing the empire. Moreover, punishing "unfilial rudeness" is the customary practice of the ancestral emperors. Therefore, the relevant records in Han shu are reliable, which are coincided with many information found in Liu He’s tomb. As for the burial of Confucian classics, it only reflects the social atmosphere of respecting Confucius. The cause why Liu He lost his throne is related to his acts of "pruriency and fatuity, the loss of emperor’s reverence, and disturbing the system of Han," instead of Huo Guang霍光 allowing private feelings to outweigh public duty, and even not Ban Gu班固 deliberately demonizing, thus we can recognize the importance of funeral to the Western Han society.

关 键 词：刘贺 《汉书》 海昏侯墓 丧礼 儒家经典 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学]